国家中心范式:科学革命中的理论传承

State-centered Paradigm:Theoretical Heritage in the Scientific Revolution

传统国家理论到国家中心范式的变革是理论范式意义上的突破创新。在政治学理论演进中考察这一变革,国家中心范式呈现为知识传承中实现超越的理论形态。追溯其知识渊源,欧陆政治传统中韦伯对国家内向秩序意义、欣策对国家外向安全价值和托克维尔的国家制度分析为其提供了理论范式确立所必需的核心概念、分析进路与研究论域,由此呈现出一种向陆欧国家理论的'回归'或曰'复兴'。而作为批评者阵营的行为主义政治学和主流理论之外的新马克思主义也为其贡献了探析政治行为之因果机制和关注社会运行形态中的国家自主性等知识资源。在这些理论铺垫的基础上,国家中心范式确立起'以国家为中心'的知识进路,着重对作为行动主体和制度结构的国家展开分析,在范式意义上形成与'社会中心论'相互对应的解释路径,由此通过范式切换实现了'科学的革命',推动国家研究走向了政治科学分析的时代。

The transformation from traditional state theory to statecentered paradigm is a breakthrough in the political theory.In the evolution of political theory,the state-centered paradigm is a theoretical creation in the knowledge heritage.Tracing the knowledge sources,European political theory including Weber’ state keeping order inward,Hintze’s state ensuring security outward,and Tocqueville’ state explaining institutional structure,provides the core concepts,approaches,research fields for establishing the theoretical paradigm,which showing a theoretic trend of 'return' or 'renaissance'.Meanwhile,the behaviorism as the critic and neo-Marxism as non-Mainstream also provided the causal mechanism to analyze political behaviors and state autonomy to understand social mechanisms.Just based on the theories above,state-centered paradigm established the approaches which was different from society-centrism to analyze the state as the actor or structure.By the 'scientific revolution',it took the step on the road to open a new era of state theory in political science.