后发国家(地区)如何推动选举政治走向成熟——政治风险视角下的渐进民主

How to Promote the Development of Election Politics in Less Developed Countries(Regions)——Progressive Democracy from the Perspective of Political Risk

选举政治是现代政治文明的核心内容,选举政治走向成熟的一般规律是从低度竞争走向高度竞争。许多后发国家在民主发展过程中之所以会出现政治动荡、治理失败、国家分裂等严重问题,正是因为不切实际地照搬西方高度竞争性选举模式。带有强对抗特征的高度竞争性选举在现阶段不一定适合缺乏竞争传统的非西方国家。后发国家推动选举政治发展应从低度竞争性选举开始,条件成熟后再开展中度竞争性选举。中度竞争的民主是后发国家政治发展的优选目标模式。后发国家发展民主的安全之路是存在的,逐步增加选举竞争的程度能够降低民主化的风险,减少民主发展的阻力,促使民主政治平稳地、实质性地向前推进。

Electoral politics is the core of modem political civilization.The general rule of election politics to maturity is from low degree competition to high competition. In the process of democratic development, many developing countries will suffer from serious problems such as political instability, governance failure and national division, which is because copying western unrealistic highly competitive election mode. Highly competitive elections with strong antagonism are not necessarily suitable for non western countries in the present stage. The less developed countries should promote the development of electoral politics from the low competitive election, and then carry out the moderate competitive election after the conditions are ripe. Moderate competitive democracy is the preferred target for the political development of the developing countries.There is a security path for developing democracy in developing countries.Gradual increase in the degree of electoral competition can reduce the risk of democratization, reduce the resistance of democratic development, and promote the democratic politics to move forward smoothly and steadily.