马来西亚执政联盟的非对称协商研究

Study on Asymmetric Consultation of Malaysia’s Ruling Coalition

非对称协商是指在参与者的协商过程中,占资源优势地位的参与者能对协商结果产生更大的影响。马来西亚的执政联盟主要是指马华印联盟和国阵联盟。该国的执政联盟为妥善地解决联盟成员党的政治分歧,实现联盟的共同利益,在该国的公共政策、议会竞选、内阁职务分配等方面开展了非对称协商。执政联盟非对称协商的特点是参与协商的政党数量较多,巫统在协商中发挥着主导作用,联盟的内阁职务分配逐渐以竞选结果为标准,联盟的协商向维护社会民众利益转变。执政联盟的非对称协商扩大了联盟政治团结的范围,推动了联盟获得国会的多数议席,也促进了联盟的成员党分享该国的执政权,提高了联盟的运作效率。

Asymmetric negotiation refers to that during the negotiation of participants, the participants in the dominant position of resources can have a greater impact on the negotiation results. The ruling coalition of Malaysia mainly refers to the Wu-hua-yin coalition and the Barisan National coalition. The ruling coalition of the country in order to properly resolve the political differences of the coalition members and realize the common interests of the coalition, therefore, the ruling coalition conducts asymmetric consultation in the aspects of country’s public policy, parliamentary election and cabinet position allocation. The characteristics of asymmetric consultation in the ruling coalition are that there are a large number of parties involved in the consultation, and UMNO plays the leading role in the negotiation. The cabinet position assignment of the coalition is gradually based on the results of the election, and the negotiation of the coalition turns to safeguard the interests of the public. Asymmetric consultation of the ruling coalition has expanded the scope of the coalition’s political unity, promoted the coalition to obtain a majority of seats in the parliament, and promoted the member parties of the coalition to share the country’s ruling power and improve the alliance’s operational efficiency.