曲靖烟区气候因素分析及其对烤烟油分的影响

Analysis of Climate Factors and Their Influence on Oil in Flue-cured Tobacco at Tobacco-growing Areas of Qujing

为明确曲靖烟区气候因素特点与烟叶油分的关系,以云南曲靖烟区9个植烟县（市、区）2 541份烤后烟叶样品为材料,并收集对应采样点的气候数据,分析了曲靖烟区的气候特点及其对烤烟油分的影响。结果表明：与国外优质烟区相比,曲靖烟区大田生育期日照时数相对较少,日平均温度偏低,生育前期降雨适中,生育后期降雨量典型偏多;根据光照、降雨量和热量分配上的差异进行聚类分析可将曲靖烟区的植烟气候分为3类;油分较多的烟叶对应的气候特征表现为生育期内日照时数相对较多,≥17℃的有效积温较高,生育前期日平均气温相对较低、降雨量相对较多,生育后期日平均温度相对较高、降雨量相对较少;回归分析表明,当烟草生育期内日照时数〉670 h,≥17℃的有效积温〉180℃,生育前期日平均气温在17.0~17.5℃、降雨量在122~140 mm,生育后期日平均气温在19.0~19.3℃、降雨量在520~590 mm时,有利于烟叶油分的形成。

In order to clarify the relationship between climate factors and oil in flue-cured tobacco at tobacco-growing areas of Qujing,the climate factors and their influence on tobacco oil were analyzed through collecting the corresponding climate data of sampling points,and using 2 541 samples of fluecured tobacco leaves collected in nine tobacco-growing cities（ counties） of Qujing as experimental materials. The results showed that compared with foreign high-quality tobacco-growing areas,the light duration was shorter,and the average temperature was lower during field growth period of tobacco in Qujing tobacco-growing areas,precipitation during early growth stage was moderate,while it was typically higher during later growth stage. The climate of Qujing tobacco-growing areas was divided into three groups by cluster analysis methods according to the difference of light duration,precipitation and heat distribution. The corresponding climate characteristics of tobacco leaves with more oil mainly included the following aspects： more light duration in growth period,higher effective accumulated temperature over17 ℃,relatively lower average temperature and more precipitation in early growing period,and relatively higher average temperature and less precipitation in later growing period. Regression analysis resultsindicated that when the light duration during growth period was 670 h,effective accumulated temperature over 17 ℃ was 180 ℃,average temperature of early growing period was 17. 0—17. 5 ℃,rainfall was 122—140 mm,average temperature of later growing period was 19. 0—19. 3 ℃,rainfall was520—590 mm,it would be conductive to production of tobacco leaf oil.