手扶式玉米精量播种机的设计与试验

Design and experiment of handheld precision seeder for corn

针对南方山地丘陵玉米种植区,受地域条件限制,大型农业机械作业困难,而小型农机发展相对不足,设计一种由电机驱动,能调节株距满足玉米不同的种植密度要求的手扶式玉米精量播种机,该播种机主要由铲式穴播器、塔型链轮、调速手把、操作面板、电机驱动装置等组成。对铲式穴播器进行一体化结构参数设计,使排种器、成穴铲、鸭嘴拨块协调工作完成排种、打穴和投种的穴播过程,通过调速手把和操作面板对成穴铲和播种机进行速度匹配,从而实现株距可调功能。田间试验结果表明:漏播率为1.1%,重播率为10.1%,平均株距合格率为96.4%,平均株距变异系数为10.1%,工作性能稳定,满足精量播种的要求。

Aiming at southern mountains and hills with corns grown,restricted by geographical conditions,large-scale agricultural machinery can＇t work easily while small size is underdeveloped.This paper designed a handheld precision seeder for corn driven by a motor,whose plant spacing can be adjusted to different planting density needed by various kinds of corns.This seeder was mainly composed of shovel hill-drop planter,tower chain wheel,variable speed handle,operation panel and motor-driven device.By the integrated design given to shovel hill-drop planter,seed discharge device,cavitation shovel,duckbilled switch and shifting block can work together well to finish hill-drop process including seed discharge,cavitation and seed charge.Variable speed handle and operation panel were used to match the velocity of seeder and cavitation shovel,so that the planting spacing can be changed.The results of field experiment showed that：missing seeding rate was 1.1%,reseeding rate was 10.1%,average qualified rate of plant spacing was96.4%,average coefficient variation of plant spacing was 10.1%.It can work in a steady way and meet require of precision seeding.