新疆红枣收获机械的研究现状与发展对策

Research status and development countermeasures on harvesting machinery of jujube in Xinjiang

近年来,红枣产业在新疆发展迅速,已逐渐成为新疆的支柱产业之一。在新疆普遍推广红枣矮化密植模式下,传统的林果业收获机械采收效果较差,急需适合于新疆红枣种植特点的采收机械。针对新疆红枣种植与收获特点,总结国内外收获机械的发展与应用,对目前的几种红枣收获机械的应用情况进行总结与分析。结果表明,国内外对红枣的收获机械研究较少,现有收获机械主要以摇振式收获为主;摇振式红枣收获机械采收效果较高,但损伤率高,且不能收获落地红枣,收获效果一般;气吸式收获机械的收获效果较好,但收获效率不高。针对研究现状,提出加强农艺结合,开发低损收获技术等建议。

In recent years,the jujube industry in Xinjiang is developing rapidly,and has gradually become one of the pillar industries of Xinjiang.In Xinjiang,red jujube plant widely used dwarf and close planting patterns,the traditional mechanical harvest fruit harvest effect is poorer,urgent need is suitable for the characteristics of the Xinjiang red jujube cultivation harvest machinery.According to the planting and harvesting characteristics of jujube in Xinjiang,it was summarized the development and application of harvesting machinery at home and abroad,the application of several kinds of jujube harvesting machinery at present are summarized and analyzed.Results show that the study of harvesting machinery is less on jujube harvest machinery at home and abroad,several existing mainly is in the shaking type and suction harvest mainly.Harvesting effect of shaking type jujube harvest mechanical is higher,but the injury rate is high,and it can＇t harvest landing jujube,harvest the general effect;Better suction harvester harvesting effect,but efficiency is not high,not suitable for large scale production of jujube.On the current research progress,it is proposed suggestions which strengthen the agronomic,development of low-loss harvesting technology and so on.