“存在”论

On “Being”

存在论是哲学大厦之基。作为一种因果还原论,存在论所追寻的乃是越过"最近之因"的"最后之因"。这一追问形成了哲学史上两个迥异的本体论形态:"实体本体论"和"生成本体论"。实体本体论认为,实体即本体,自己构成自己的原因,自己就是自己的根据,既无生发也不退场。人类追寻实体的初衷乃是为了寻找"安身立命之本",结果却使人陷入了"无家可归之境"。有鉴于此,部分哲学家擎起了"拒斥本体论"的旗帜,以实体本体论哲学之误而否定"本体论追求"的合理性。其实,此乃因噎废食之举。解决本体论哲学之误的出路不在于告别本体论,而在于以符合现时代需要的策略重建本体论。马克思关闭了传统本体论哲学的大门,但又开辟了现代生成本体论的道路。传统本体论囿于"实体"情结必然导致"存在‘存在者’化",而现代本体论则是让"存在者‘在’起来"。本体论追问"是"的问题但其意义却超越"是"的领域,任何"是"的追问都指向"应该",任何本体论都内蕴着价值论的意蕴,缺乏价值维度的本体论是无效的。

Ontology is the foundation of the mansion of philosophy. As a kind of causal reductionism, ontology pursues the＂final cause＂ over the＂ latest cause＂. This inquiry formed two different ontological traditions in the history of philosophy, namely, ＂substantive ontology＂ and ＂generative ontology＂. Entity is substance, which constitutes its own cause. Entity itself is its own motivation, which will neither generate anything nor make a withdrawal. Human beings sought for entity in an initial attempt to find out＂ the foundation for their settlement and establishment＂, only to find themselves falling into a ＂ homeless situation＂ In this view, some philosophers held up the banner of＂ rejecting ontology＂ to deny the rationality of＂ the pursuit for ontology＂ due to the errors made by the substantive ontological philosophy. Actually, it is like refusing to eat for fear of choking. The way to solve the errors of ontological philosophy is not to say goodbye to ontology, but rebuild it with the strategy of meeting the needs of the current times. Marx closed the door to traditional ontological philosophy, and opened up the way to modern generative ontology. As traditional ontology confines itself to the ＂entity＂complex, it will inevitably lead＂the Being to be＇ beings＇ ＂, while modern ontology is aimed to lead ＂the beings to be ＇ Being＇ ＂. Ontology called ＂to be＂ into question, but its significance went beyond the field of＂to be＂. Any question of ＂to he＂points to＂ought to be＂. All ontologies are embedded with the connotations of axiology. But the ontology which lacks value dimensions is invalid.