清词中的“离乱”书写

The Description of“Separation Caused by War”inthe Ci-poems of the Qing Dynasty

清代特别是近代,内忧外患,战乱频仍,灾难不断,许多人流离失所。清词中的"离乱"书写,是乱离人的心灵痛史,词人用文学语言将残酷的现实生活化为美丽的忧伤,谱成凄苦哀婉的感伤曲。衰败残缺的物象,灰冷色调的"阴性"词语,有效表达了哀伤凄凉的情绪,营造出清冷幽凄的意境。离乱词侧重书写乱世人的生存状态和内在心理,弥漫着沦落感、苍凉感、渺茫感、幻灭感,独抒性灵,是"热血"铸就的真文学,是典型的"穷而后工"。词人以词纪实,以词写史,如杜甫"诗史",堪称"词史",为词坛开辟出新境界。面对苦难,词人没有缺席、失语,自觉担当起这种苦难,书写着生命的执着。

In the Qing Dynasty, especially in modern China, people experienced endless internal strife, external aggression, and natural disasters. Many of them became homeless from time to time. The description of＂ separation caused by war＂in the Qing Ci-poems was a history of mental sufferings of the homeless people, in which the Ci-poets turned the cruel reality of life into beautiful sorrow and created melancholy melodies with their skillful literary language, The bleak atmosphere became much more heavily depressed by the rhetoric of declining images and words in cool grey tone. These Qing Ci-poems which described the separation caused by war, highlighted the state of survival and the inner mentality of those homeless people. Being filled with great passion and immersed in the senses of degeneration, bleakness, remoteness and disillusionment, these Ci- poems were genuine literary works made of＂ hot blood＂ and were typical of＂ excellent achievements made under adverse circumstances＂. Just as Du Fu （杜甫） created history with his poems, the Ci-poets recorded the actual events and wrote history with their Ci-poems. Facing the sufferings and disasters, these Ci-poets undertook their tasks persistently and conscientiously, instead of being absent and indifferent.