采笋对八月竹生长和大熊猫活动的影响研究

Impacts of Bamboo Shoot-collecting on the Growth of Chimonobambusa szechuanensis and Giant Panda Activities

采笋是大相岭山系大熊猫栖息地内一种传统的资源利用活动。为了了解采笋活动对大熊猫活动以及不同采笋管理方式对八月竹Chimonobambusa szechuanensis生长的影响,2008—2012年在大相岭山系对大熊猫的活动情况进行了调查和监测,2013年对规模性采笋的四川省洪雅县和限制规模性采笋的四川省荥经县内的八月竹生长状况进行了调查。结果表明：（1）洪雅县一年生八月竹密度显著高于荥经县（P=0.002）,荥经县多年生八月竹的株高显著高于洪雅县（P=0.005）;（2）八月竹种群密度与海拔呈正相关。洪雅县八月竹的多年生基径、多年生株高和一年生株高与海拔均呈显著负相关,而荥经县八月竹的多年生基径、多年生株高和一年生株高则与海拔呈显著正相关;（3）大相岭山系大熊猫主要活动于海拔1 400-2 700 m,85%的痕迹点出现在2 000 m以上;（4）采笋期间未在八月竹林发现大熊猫活动痕迹,而采笋期前、后均能在八月竹林发现大熊猫痕迹。规模性采笋对八月竹的株高、基径和密度都有影响,并且采笋活动对大熊猫活动产生影响,应进一步规范采笋行为,协调保护与社区经济的可持续发展。

Bamboo shoot-collecting is a traditional utilization form of natural resources in Daxiangling Mountains. To assess the effects of different bamboo shoot-collecting managements on giant panda activities and the growth of its food bamboos,it is necessary to understand the differences in the growth of Chimonobambusa szechuanensis under different levels of shoot-collecting intensity,and the activity patterns of giant panda in different periods. The activities of giant panda in Daxiangling Mountains were surveyed and monitored between 2008 and 2012,and the growth of C. szechuanensis in Hongya county and Yingjing county was investigated in 2013. The results showed that： 1） the density of one-year-old bamboo in Hongya county was significantly higher than that in Yingjing county（ P = 0. 002）,while the culm height of perennial bamboo in Yingjing county was significantly higher than that in Hongya county（ P = 0. 005）. 2） Bamboo population density was significantly positively related to the elevation in both counties. The basal diameter and culm height of perennial and culm height of one-year-old bamboo were significantly negatively related to the elevation in Hongya county,but significantly positively related to the elevation in Yingjing county. 3） In Daxiangling Mountains,giant panda mainly occurred in elevation of1 400 - 2 700 m,and over 85% of track points were found above 2 000 m. 4） Giant panda track points were common in the C. szechuanensis forest but disappeared during the shoot-collecting seasons. Bamboo shoot-collecting can influence giant panda activities as well as the basal diameter and culm height of C. szechuanensis at a large scale. It was therefore suggested that regularizing the management of shoot-collecting and coordinating wildlife conservation and sustainable development of local community economy may create a win-win situation.