笛卡尔哲学的怀疑精神及其二元论特征

On the Skepticism of Descartes's Philosophy and the Characteristics of Dualism

笛卡尔生活在新旧知识的交替时代,他通过对近代哲学方法论的反思,提出了普遍怀疑的方法,为"确然性"的理性知识提供了方法论依据。笛卡尔以普遍怀疑为契入点,找到了不可怀疑的第一原则,即"我思故我在",从而把人的主体意识抬高到整个哲学绝对起点的高度。在主体意识的挺立中,笛卡尔提出了心物二元论的理论体系,在与理性主义如何统一时遇到了不可避免的困难。因此,通过对笛卡尔哲学精神及发展历程进行梳理、剖析,有助于对西方哲学传承脉络的领会和驾驭,对后来的哲学思想嬗变及发展都具有重要的影响。

Living in an era when the old knowledge was renewed, Descartes reflected on the methodology of modern philosophy and employed a method called Universal Doubt, a methodological basis for the conceptual knowledge of “certainty”. Based on the metaphysical doubt, Descartes found his first principle of philosophy which is true without doubt, namely “I think, therefore I am”, thus upgrading human’s subject consciousness to the height of the philosophy level. In the stand of subject consciousness, Descartes proposes the theory system of mind-body dualism. But it is inevitable to fall into problems as far as the rationalism is concerned. Therefore, the sorting and analysis of the spirit and development of Cartesian philosophy contribute to our understanding and application of the western philosophy and may as well provide important influence on later evolution and development of philosophy.