水酶法提取杨梅核仁油的工艺优化

Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Aqueous Extraction for Myrica rubra Kernel Oil

通过响应面法分析和全因子试验设计,探究单一酶和复合酶用于水酶法提取杨梅核仁油的效果,优选确定水酶法提取杨梅核仁油的酶制剂为纤维素酶。采用正交试验对酶法水解提取杨梅核仁油的工艺进行优化,获得其最佳工艺条件为纤维素酶添加量2%、酶解温度50℃、pH 4.8、酶解时间2.5 h、料液比1∶4(g/mL),该条件下的得油率为33.95%,提取率为50.67%。采用气相色谱法对杨梅核仁油的脂肪酸组成进行了分析,结果表明:木洞杨梅核仁油富含不饱和脂肪酸,高达87.22%,其中油酸含量达50.31%,亚油酸含量达到36.64%,亚麻酸含量为0.27%。

In this study, the response surface methodology and full factorial design were employed to evaluate theextraction efficiencies of Myrica rubra kernel oil by aqueous enzymatic extraction with three individual enzymes and theircombinations, and it turned out that cellulase was the best enzyme for the extraction of Myrica rubra kernel oil. Then, usingan orthogonal array design, the optimum hydrolysis conditions for oil extraction were determined as follows： cellulase dose,2%; temperature, 50 ℃; pH value, 4.8; time, 2.5 h; and solid/liquid ratio, 1：4 （g/mL）. Under these conditions, the oil yieldwas 33.95%, which was 50.67% as compared to the oil content of Myrica rubra kernels measured according to the Chinesenational standard GB/T 5512-2008. Gas chromatography analysis revealed that the kernel oil contained 87.22% unsaturatedfatty acids, including 50.31% oleic acid, 36.64% linoleic acid and 0.27% linolenic acid.