论马克思生态人学的哥白尼革命

On Revolutionary of Marx's Ecological Anthropology

古希腊人对人的本质的认识是以自然宇宙为背景,强调人是对自然的分有和人对自然的敬畏,其局限性是将自然宇宙凌驾于人之上,导致人类自我消失于茫茫自然宇宙之中。近现代启蒙精神对古希腊人把握人的本质的方式进行了颠倒,从人本主义出发揭示人的本质,认为人是自然界的主人,结果造成了人在自然面前的称王称霸。马克思既不赞成人的"自失说",也坚决反对人的"自圣说",认为人的本质是在生产实践的基础上呈现出来的人与自然的统一性,从而形成了一种崭新的生态人学,实现了人学思想上的一场哥白尼革命。

The ancient Greek understanding of the essence of human was based on a natural universe,and stressed that human beings were part of nature and should have reverence toward nature. Its limitation lies in that the natural universe was put above human,which led to an ignorance of human in the vast natural universe. The enlightenment thoughts turned the ancient Greek understanding the other way round,revealing the essence of men from the perspective of humanism,and regards human as the master of nature. As a result,human became king and sought hegemony of the nature. Marx disapproved of the view that human lost himself,and firmly opposed the view that man himself could be a saint. He held that the essence of human was the unity of men and nature presented on the basis of production practice,which formed a new ecological anthropology,and brought about a Copernican revolution in anthropology thoughts.