中国环境法上合作原则的演化路径与治理功能——以城市环境治理中认证能力为中心的考察

On Evolutionary Path of Cooperation Principles and Governance Capabilities of Chinese Environmental Law: A Research based on Authentication Capabilities in Urban Environmental Governance

对中国环境法上合作原则加以关注的缘由是特定法治时空下,对环境治理体系中法律原则所承担的意义与功能的揭示与彰显,这种意义不仅仅来自于学理的陈述,更来自对于法律在社会生活中承担国家治理功能的需求。国家环境治理能力的重要指标就是对于重要环境要素的认证能力,经由认证将人与环境的关系具体化为真实可感知、可测量与可认证的人与空间的关系,并基于此开展环境治理的实践。环境法上合作原则的疲软的本质在于国家法定认证能力在环境保护诸领域的不均衡分布。环境法上合作原则伴随着新中国环境保护事业的发展与环境法的发展,其扩展路径应考虑从国家认证能力最强的领域入手,也即以国家治理能力最强的土地认证部分去应对最需直面的环境治理难题。以城市为例,将环境治理中的法律适用从标准的桎梏之中解放出来,留给土地与城市规划领域相对具有弹性的感官与美学判断。合作的真谛并非简单的公民面向的社会运动,而是一种国家与公民处于高密度互动过程中的良好治理。"有恒产者有恒心",确认私人的环境利益,在最大可能范围内加以量化、认证化并给予法律证明可能是中国环境法上合作原则向前推进的重要突破口。

Concerns over cooperation principles are reasonable in Chinese environmental law in a specific background which reveals the meaning and function of the environmental management system of legal principles. It is not only a statement from theoretical sense,but also a demand for law to take functions in national environmental governance. An important indicator of national environmental governance is authentication capability,via which the relationship between man and environment will be turned into a concrete,perceptible,measurable and certifiable relationship between man and space,and on which,environmental governance could be based. Weak nature of cooperation principles in environmental law lies in that national legal authentication capability was distributed unevenly in the areas of environmental protection. The cooperation principles of environmental law are developing with the development of China's environmental protection as well as the new environmental law. In order to face the challenges of environmental governance,the expanding path should be considered to start from areas with the strongest authentication capacity and national governance,i. e. land authentication. Take cities as an example,environmental governance should be set free from standard legal applications and leave room for relatively flexible sensory and aesthetic judgment in urban land planning. The essence of cooperation is not only social movement,but a state of good governance in which citizens have a high density of interaction with the state. ' Possessions Make perseverance',which means confirmed and quantified private environmental interests with legal authentication to the maximum extent possible,may be an important breakthrough in promoting the principles of cooperation in Chinese environmental law.