三级供应链VMI收益及Shapley值分配仿真研究

Simulation Study on Revenue and Shapley Value Distribution of VMI on Three-Echelon Supply Chain

考虑需求放大、订货及库存成本变动等因素,构建三级供应链在分散式、上游段、下游段及集成式VMI四种情况下的收益模型,通过仿真定量说明VMI对于上、下游企业收益及风险的不同影响,并得出结论:下游段VMI实施后,集成式VMI将成为激励相容,而上游段VMI的实施将阻碍集成式VMI的实现,证实了VMI的实施顺序对供应链管理的重要影响。后采用Shapley值法分析各企业特征函数,确定Shapley值计算公式,进行收益分配,解决了收益与风险不对等所导致的VMI合作不稳定问题,促进集成式VMI的形成与长期稳定。

The revenue models of three-echelon supply chain in the circumstances of decentralized,upstream segment,downstream segment and integrated VMI were built considering the factors of demand amplification,order and inventory cost change.It was proved quantificationally that VMI has different influences on revenue and risk of upstream and downstream enterprises using simulation.The conclusions were drawn that integrated VMI will be the incentive compatibility after the application of downstream segment VMI but upstream segment VMI is the obstructive factor to integrated VMI,and the implementation sequences of VMI has important influence to the Supply Chain Management.Then the characteristic function of each enterprise was analyzed based on Shapley value,the formula of Shapley value was determined and the revenue distribution plan was put forward to solve the problem of instability in VMI cooperation caused by the unequal of benefits and risk and to promote the formation and long-term stability of integrated VMI.