高水平足球运动员犯规特征研究

The Study on the Features of High Level Football Athletes' Fouls

为研究高水平足球运动员犯规特征,采用文献资料、录像观察、数理统计等研究方法,对2014年世界杯足球赛决赛阶段运动员犯规情况进行统计分析。结果表明:运动员犯规、红黄牌、越位次数均呈现明显下降趋势;运动员犯规类型最多的是绊摔,犯有非体育行为和暴力行为分别是被警告和罚令出场的主要原因,战术犯规是犯有非体育行为的主要表现方式;运动员犯规、黄牌、越位下半场多于上半场,红牌次数上下半场相同,上下半场各时段犯规、黄牌、越位均呈现较为均等的现象;中场仍是运动员犯规、出示红黄牌的主要区域,犯规前场多于后场,红黄牌后场多于前场;当比赛平局时,运动员的犯规、红黄牌、越位次数最多,比分改变时,领先方犯规次数比落后方多,红黄牌、越位次数比落后方少,随着比分差距增大,双方犯规、红黄牌、越位次数逐渐递减;因犯规获得罚球点球和任意球传球配合进球的球队,获胜率高。

In order to study on the foul characteristics of high level soccer players,using the research method such as literature review,video observation,and mathematical statistics,the author has made a statistic study of the features of athletes＇ fouls during the final stage of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The results show that： The number of athletes was sentenced to fouls,red cards,yellow cards,and offside show obvious descending trend compared with the previous; Most of the athletes＇ fouls type is trip; Unsporting behavior and violent conduct are the main reasons of a player being cautioned or sent off; The main performance of unsporting behavior is the professional foul; The fouls,yellow cards,and offside in the second half of the match are more than which in the first half,but there is the same number of red card in the either half of the match; Fouls,yellow cards,and offside are evenly distributed in each period of time; Midfield is the main area of the fouls called and be awarded yellow cards and red cards awarded; The number of fouls in the front field is more than which in the back field,but the number of yellow cards and red cards awarded is in opposite situation; Most fouls,yellow cards,red cards and offside calls occur when there is a tied game,When the score is changed,the Leading team fouls are more than the losing team＇s,but the number of offside and be awarded yellow cards and red cards awarded is in opposite situation; When the score gap is widening,fouls,red cards,yellow cards,and offside shows a trend of decrease; The team that because of fouls led to a goal by a penalty kick or a free kick will have more chance to win.