边缘标线影响跟车车距调节行为的结构方程模型

Structural equation model of edge line markings influencing distance headway adjusting behavior in car-following

从驾驶员距离感知、速度感知以及碰撞估计等视知觉角度,研究了边缘标线对驾驶员跟车车距调节行为的影响.通过开展路上试验,采集真实车流数据,运用结构方程模型探索了多个因素影响跟车行为的交互因果关系.结果显示:边缘标线铺设角度、前车车型、时间频率以及碰撞时间均能显著增大跟车车头间距;这些因素引起的车头间距增大可能是由于它们会导致跟车减速度绝对值的增大(实际值减小);距离因素可以引起更强烈的危险性感知,并呈现为更显著的车头间距变化.本研究为减少追尾碰撞事故和提高道路交通安全水平提供了一种新的方法.

The effects of edge line markings on drivers＇ adjusting behavior of the distance headway were studied,from the perspective of visual perception like distance perception,speed perception,and collision estimation. Naturalistic vehicle flowdata was collected from on-road field observations. Based on the data,the interactive causal relationship of various factors that influence car-following behavior was explored with a structural equation model（ SEM）. The results showthat the installation angle of edge line markings,the type of leading vehicle,time frequency,and time-to-collision（ TTC） can significantly enlarge the following distance headway. The enlargement in distance headway due to these factors can be attributed to the increase of the absolute deceleration（ decrease of the actual deceleration） of following vehicles. The distance-related factors can induce a stronger perception of risk,which eventually brings out the most significant changes in distance headway.This study provides a newmethod for reducing rear-end collisions to improve traffic safety.