不同布置方案风力机尾流及相互作用的实验研究

Experimental Study of Wind Turbine Wake and the Interaction in Different Layout Scheme

以不同布置方案的风力机尾流场为研究对象,运用压差式风速仪对风力机尾流场的相互作用进行研究。对于2台风力机,当下游风力机(第2台风力机)全部或部分置于上游风力机(第1台风力机)的尾流场时,对下游风力机的尾流场进行测量。实验结果表明:当下游风力机全部置于上游风力机尾流场时,近尾流场受上游风力机尾流的影响较大,远尾流场受上游风力机尾流的影响较小,当两风力机轴向距离5D时,上游风力机对下游风力机的影响整体较小,且来流逐渐融合,表现出小幅度波动现象;当下游风力机部分置于上游风力机尾流场时,处于尾流场中的部分受上游风力机尾流(主要是叶尖涡)的影响,与尾流区外的相比,该部分的尾流区速度损失严重,但稳定性较好,当风力机横向距离大于1.5D时,随着横向距离的增大,轴向速度逐渐增大;随着轴向距离的增大,2种布置方案下轴向速度的变化幅度均逐渐减小。

The research object is the wake of wind turbine under different layout schemes. The precision anemometer was used to measure and study the interaction of wind turbine wake. For two wind turbines,the wake of the downstream wind turbine was measured when all or part of the downstream wind turbine（ second wind turbine） was in the wake field of the upstream wind turbine（ first wind turbine）. The experimental results show that upstream wind turbine wake influences the near wake of downstream wind turbine greater than the far wake of downstream wind turbine and the flow gradually merges with the phenomenon of small amplitude fluctuations when all the downstream wind turbine are in the upstream wind turbine wake field. When the distance of the two wind turbines is equal to5 D,the influence of upstream wind turbines on the downstream wind turbine becomes little. When part of the downstream wind turbine is in the upstream wind turbine wake field,the part in the wake is influenced by upstream wind turbine wake（ mainly tip vortex） and the velocity loss of the part in the wake region is more serious than that of the part out of the wake while the stability becomes better.The axial velocity increases gradually when the horizontal distance of the wind turbine is more than 1. 5D. The variation of axial velocity under two kinds of layout schemes is gradually decreased with the increasing of axial distance.