论《左传》中的委婉语

On the Tactful Speech in Zuo's Commentary

保留在《左传》中的委婉语 ,不仅仅是一种简单的辞令现象 ,它反映出来的是古代思想同语言形式之间的内在联系。它与当时社会观念中的礼、德、道、仁、义、忠、孝等有着直接联系。委婉语的使用 ,除了反映出个人文化修养和知识水平之外 ,它也是当时社会交际所必需。在特定环境中 ,委婉语有着重要的不可替代的作用。就语言研究来说 ,委婉语也成为研究当时口语的重要材料。

There were numerous tactful speeches in Zuo's Commentary . This paper classifies and analyses them and concludes that they could present the subjunctive mood, desiring tone, god's or spirit's order. Besides, they could also imply the speaker's original meanings. So what existed behind the tactful speeches were the internal relationships between the ancient thoughts and mood forms. The frequent using of the tactful speeches then reflected both the speaker's self-possession and the requirements of the social communications. Under the special circumstances the functions of the tactful speeches were unconvertible. From the point of view of speaking manner, the tactful speeches are important materials for studing oral communication in ancient times.