专项知觉训练对散打初学者知觉预测影响的研究

Impact of Special Perception Training on Perceptual Anticipation for Beginners of Sanda

目的:采用视觉搜索和预测相结合的训练方案对散打初学者进行专项知觉训练,揭示其知觉预测发展变化的内在规律。方法:散打初学者16名,平均年龄(18.38±1.50)岁,均为男性,平均练习散打时间为(2.47±1.49)年,实验组和对照组各8人;采用实验组对照组前测-后测设计,自变量为4周知觉训练,因变量为预测反应时、准确率、眼动及ERP成分P1和P3的潜伏期和波幅。结果:1)实验组训练后预判反应时明显缩短,准确率显著提高(P<0.05);对照组前后没有显著性差异。2)实验组训练后的注视时间和注视点持续时间明显缩短,注视频率显著提高(P<0.05),训练后他们的注视点更为集中,对腿部注视时间明显减少,对对方躯干手臂的注视时间显著增加(P<0.05);对照组前后没有明显差异。3)实验组训练后预判时P1、P3的潜伏期比训练前有所缩短,P1、P3的波幅有所减小,但前后差异不显著;对照组前后差异也不显著。结论:专项知觉训练可通过在脑中建立暂时的最优化加工策略,提升预判的准确率、速度和视觉搜索策略;但短期训练难以使信息加工策略达到自动化水平,不会缩短皮层激活时程,减少心理资源的消耗量。

Objective： Free boxing beginners are trained by specialized perceptual training programs combined with visual search and prediction in order to reveal the inherent laws of perceptual prediction development and changes. Method： 16 male free boxing beginners（ average age = 18. 38 ± 1. 50 years; average practicing time = 2. 47 ± 1. 49 years） were divided into 2 groups which are experimental group（ 8 beginners） and control group（ 8 beginners）. Pretest-posttest control group design was used in the study. The independent variable was 4 weeks＇ training in perception. The dependent variables were reaction time of anticipation,accuracy,eye movement and latency and amplitude of ERP components（ P1 and P3）. Results： 1） After training,reaction time of anticipation for the experimental group was significantly shortened and its accuracy rate was improved significantly（ P〈0. 05）; There was no significant difference in the control group. 2） After training,fixation time and fixation duration for the experimental group was significantly shortened; fixation frequency was significantly increased（ P〈0. 05）; their fixation points were more focused with fixation time on legs significantly reduced and on opponent＇s arm and trunk significantly increased（ P〈0. 05）; There was no significant difference in the control group. 3） After training,latency of P1 and P3 for the experimental group during anticipation was shortened; amplitude of P1 and P3 was reduced,but there was no significant difference of latency and amplitude of P1 and P3; There was no significant difference in the control group. Conclusion： special perceptual training can be set up in the brain temporarily optimum processing strategy,improve forecasting accuracy,speed and visual search strategies; But I can＇t make short-term training information processing strategies to achieve automation level,will not shorten the cortex activation time history,or reduce psychological resources consumption.