进入疯牛病和变异型克雅氏病消除阶段的动物及人类朊病毒病监测

Prion surveillance in animals and humans in bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakoba disease eradication stage

目的朊病毒病又称可传播性海绵状脑病,是一类侵袭人类及多种动物中枢神经系统的传染性退行性脑病。1986年,在英国的农场最先发现疯牛病,随后大面积暴发,在1992年达到高峰,而由食用疯牛病病牛之后出现的变异型克雅氏病出现于1995年,并在2000年达到高峰。由于严格禁令、彻底的扑杀以及主动的监测,虽然疯牛病和变异型克雅氏病在过去的三年里还未完全清零,但短期内大规模反弹的可能性非常之小。人类朊病毒病的全球监测始于1993年的部分欧洲国家,很快扩展到绝大部分欧洲国家、北美、大洋洲和东北亚,包括我国自2006年正式启动全国克雅氏病监测。这些监测体系的建立都为防止再次出现灾难性的公共卫生问题奠定了基础。

Objective Prion diseases,also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies,are a group of rapidly progressive neurodegenerative diseases that can affect different species. The first case was found in a farm in the UK in 1986,and then the huge outbreak reached the peak in 1992. While,the variant Creutzfeldt- jakob disease（ v CJD） due to consumption of bovine spongiform encephalopathy（ BSE） beef appeared in 1995 and reach a peak in 2000. Because of the strict ban,thorough culling and active surveillance,the BSE and v CJD in the past three years has not been completely reset,but the possibility of a mass rally in the short term is very limited. Global human prion disease began in 1993 in part of Europe countries and extended to most of countries soon including Europe,North America,Oceania and northeast Aisa and the surveillance system was established in China since 2006. Establishment of monitoring system is to prevent a catastrophic public health problem again.