潜航作业对潜航员心电图的影响

Effect of underwater operation on ECG of oceanauts

目的 记录、分析和评价“蛟龙号”潜航员驾驶载人潜水器进行水下作业时的心电图.方法 运用美国Biopac公司的MP30型心电图机采集5名潜航员驾驶载人潜水器在水下作业过程中的肢体Ⅱ导联心电信号,进行心电图检查.提取心率、P-R间期、QRS时限、Q-T间期、R波和T波电压6项参数.结果 心率在潜航前水面的对照值是（61.0±2.9）次/min,潜航员驾驶载人潜水器在水下作业1.5、2.5、3.5h时的心率分别增加到（89.1±12.1）、（86.2±10.2）、（83.3±10.3）次/min,与潜航前比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.P-R间期在水下潜航作业1.5、2.5、3.5h时由潜航前水面的对照值（196.1±11.9）ms分别缩短为（168.1±12.1）、（167.2±12.2）、（181.3±11.3）ms,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.Q-T间期在水下潜航作业1.5、2.5、3.5h时由潜航前水面的对照值（444.4±13.4）ms分别缩短为（400.2±29.2）、（386.1±19.1）、（393.0±13.0）ms,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.心电图上的QRS时限、R波及T波振幅在3.5h的水下潜航作业过程中差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 载人潜水器水下作业过程中潜航员的心电图变化主要是心率增快,P-R间期与Q-T间期缩短,未发现QRS时限、R波和T波明显改变,表明潜航员在水下潜航中的心功能储备虽有所降低,但整体心电图仍属正常.

Objective To record,analyze and evaluate the ECG of oceanauts operating the ＆quot;Jiaolong＆quot;deep-sea manned submersible.Methods During underwater operation,the ECG signals of the 5 oceanauts were collected by using MP30 electrocardiograph （Biopac System Inc.） for ECG detection.The 6 indexes of heart rate （HR）,P-R interval,QRS duration,Q-T interval and the voltage of R and T waves were recorded and analyzed.Results The HR control value on the surface before submergence was（61.0 ± 2.9） times/min.At hour 1.5,2.5 and 3.5,the heart rates of the oceanauts operating the ＆quot;Jiaolong＆quot; deep-sea manned submersible respectively increased to（89.1 ± 12.1）,（86.2 ± 10.2） and （83.3 ± 10.3） times/min,and statistical significance could be noted,as compared with that before submergence （P 〈 0.05）.At hour 1.5,2.5 and 3.5 during underwater operation,the P-R intervals respectively shortened to （168.1 ± 12.1）,（167.2 ± 12.2） and （181.3 ± 11.3） ms,as compared with the control value on the surface（196.1 ± 11.9）ms.Statistical significance could be noted,when comparisons were made between them（P 〈 0.05）.At hour 1.5,2.5 and 3.5 during underwater operation,the QT intervals respectively shortened to（400.2 ± 29.2）,（386.1 ± 19.1）and（393.0 ± 13.0）ms as compared with the control value on the surface （444.4 ± 13.4） ms,also with statistical significance （P 〈 0.05）.There was no statistical significance in QRS duration,R and T wave amplitudes at hour 3.5 during underwater operation （P 〉0.05）.Conclusions During underwater operation,the changes in ECG of the oceanauts mainly displayed in the increased heart rate,and shortened PR and Q-T intervals.However,there were no significant changes in QRS duration,R and T waves,indicating that the ECG of the oceanauts was on the whole still within normal level,though cardiac back-up of the oceanauts during submerged operation was decreased to some extent.