潜航作业对潜航员脑电图的影响

Effectof underwater operation on EEG of oceanauts

目的 探讨潜航活动和水下环境对人脑觉醒水平的影响.方法 6名潜航员驾驶“蛟龙号”载人潜水器进行水下作业,记录他们在潜航前、潜航1.5h和潜航2.5h时段的脑电图（EEG）和主观紧张性.用EEG的α波衰减试验（alpha attenuation test,AAT）定量分析α波衰减系数（alpha attenuation coefficient,AAC）的变化和主观感觉的疲劳感.同时采用视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale,VAS）对潜航员的主观紧张感进行评分.结果 潜航员驾驶载人潜水器进行水下作业1.5h时的AAC（3.0±1.2）较潜航前（2.5±1.5）有所升高,但差异不具统计学意义（P＞0.05）;潜航2.5 h（0.7±0.2）后,AAC较潜航前和潜航1.5h值均明显降低,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;潜航作业1.5 h（1.3±1.0）和2.5 h（1.4±1.1）时的紧张感均较潜航前（0.5±0.7）显著升高,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 潜航员驾驶载人潜水器在水下连续作业2.5h后脑觉醒水平明显下降,同时紧张感增强,表明潜航作业对人体脑功能觉醒水平有一定程度的影响.

Objective To investigate the effects of underwater operation and subsea environment on the awareness of oceanauts,through recording the electroencephalogram（EEG） of the oceanauts at different time points and the subjective sense of stress during submerged operation and by quantitatively analyzing the changes in α-wave attenuation coefficient（AAC） and subjective sensation of fatigue with α-wave attenuation test（AAT）.Methods Six ＆quot;Jiaolong＆quot; oceanauts were involved in the experiment.EEGs of the oceanauts were recorded at 3 different time points,i.e.before submergence,at hour 1.5 and 2.5,and AAC was analyzed statistically.At the same time,the subjective sense of stress of the oceanauts was evaluated by using visual analogue scale （VAS）.Results AAC（3.0 ± 1.2） of the oceanauts at hour 1.5 during submerged operation was increased to some extent,as compared with the control value （2.5 ± 1.5） before submergence,but without statistical significance（P 〉 0.05）.After 2.5 h submerged operation,the AAC （0.7 ± 0.2） was significantly decreased,as compared with those of the pre-submerged control value and the value detected at hour 1.5 （P 〈 0.05）,with statistical significance（P 〉0.05）.The subjective sense of stress of the oceanauts after 1.5 h（1.3 ± 1.0）and 2.5 h （1.4 ± 1.1） submerged operation was significantly increased,as compared with the control value （0.5 ±0.7） before submergence,and statistical significance could be seen,when comparisons were made between them （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions Continuous underwater operation for 2.5 hours could obviously decrease the awareness of the oceanauts in the manned submersible and at the same time increase the sense of stress,indicating that submerged operation had certain effects on the awareness of the oceanauts.