注射施肥对天水花牛苹果园土壤质量及果实产量和品质的影响

Effect of Injection Fertilization on Soil Quality of Apple Orchards and the Yield and Quality of the Hua'niu Apple in Tianshui

为探索注射施肥在花牛苹果生产中的应用,以新疆野苹果（Malus sieversii）为基砧,用8a生的＂俄矮2号＂为供试材料,利用施肥枪注射施肥,研究不同浓度的注射液（0、10%、20%和30%）对土壤速效养分、土壤酶活性和果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明：在0-30%的注射液浓度范围内,注射施肥可显著提高0-60cm土层的土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量（p〈0.05）,且这几种土壤速效养分的含量均随土层的增加而降低;在0-10%的注射液浓度范围内,注射施肥有利于提高0-60cm土层的土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性;而且,当注射液浓度达到10%时,0-60cm土层的土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性均达到最大。此外,注射液浓度与苹果产量、可溶性固形物和果实硬度呈线性正相关关系,与可滴定酸的含量呈线性负相关关系,且注射液浓度在10%-20%范围内,苹果的产量和品质最佳。因此,以10%-20%的注射液浓度注射施肥,可显著提高天水花牛苹果园土壤质量及果实产量和品质。

To explore the application of injection fertilization in production of the Hua＇niu apple,the effects of different concentration of nutrient solution（0%,10%,20%and 30%,respectively）on soil nutrients,soil enzyme activity as well as fruit yield and quality were studied using a fertilizer applicator.Eight-year-old trees of Russian Dwarf II with Xinjiang wild apples as interstock were taken as object of this study.The results showed that the contents of soil available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium increased with increasing injection concentrations of nutrient solution in each soil layer,and the content of these available nutrients decreased with increasing soil depth within 0-30%nutrient solution.Fertilization of injection increased the activities of soil urease,invertase,catalase and alkaline phosphatase within 0-30% nutrient solution in each soil layer.Moreover,the activities of soil urease,invertase,catalase and alkaline phosphatase were the highest as 10% nutrient solution.The concentration of nutrient solution was correlated positively with the production of apples,soluble solids and fruit hardness,and correlated negatively with the content of titratable acid.The yield and quality of apples were the best as 10%-20% nutrient solution.Therefore,injection fertilization with 10%-20% nutrient solution can significantly improve soil quality of apple orchards as well as the yield and quality of Hua＇niu apple in Tianshui.