论高等教育的教学自由

Freedom in Instruction of Higher Education

高等教育活动的目标是培养高级专门人才,而高级专门人才的首要品质是独立批判的思考能力,学生学会自主学习则是获得这一能力的基础。培养学生自主学习的前提是教学过程中教师个体的教学自由。教学自由是教师以职业身份在教育实践中拥有的专业自主权和进行自主教学行为的权限空间。这不仅意味着教师在专业教学过程中享有一系列自主决策权利,而且意味着教师在教学过程中追求一种自由思想、自我意志,更意味着教师自觉应用教学规律展开教学活动的一种结果。教师享有充分的教学自由,标志着大学育人属性的回归、教学管理人文性的回归。教师教学自由权利中最关键的是教师要完全掌握教学目标设定与教学效果评估的权利。

The target of higher education is to cultivate senior specialized talents,whose primary quality is the ability of thinking independently and critically.This ability relies on students＇ capability in autonomous learning,which is preconditioned by teachers＇ freedom in instruction.This sort of freedom includes teachers＇ professional autonomy in educational practice and their authority in implementing independent teaching.This not only means that teachers have independent decision making authority in the course of instruction,but also that teachers pursue freethinking and free will in the teaching process,not to mention the result of teaching activities organized with teachers＇ conscious application of teaching principles.That teachers fully enjoy freedom in instruction marks the return of university nature in nurturing people and the return of humanity in teaching management.In this freedom,the most critical aspects are those in setting teaching goals and evaluating teaching effect.