耳鸣患者的临床特征分析

Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics of Tinnitus Patients

目的：总结耳鸣患者的临床特征,包括伴随症状、加重因素、严重程度和与全身性疾病的关系。方法：选择2011年5月-2014年6月就诊于上海长海医院耳鼻喉科门诊的主观性耳鸣患者,由同一调查人员以统一的调查问卷对所有的研究对象应用相同的方法提出同样的问题,进行病史和耳鸣问卷的询问并记录。结果：耳鸣在老年人群中较为常见,患者病程多为0-3月,双侧耳鸣多于单侧耳鸣,颅鸣少见。60.0%患者有伴随症状,主要为听力下降、耳闷及眩晕。8.9%的患者有加重因素,主要为精神因素、疲劳。不同性别的耳鸣患者的严重程度比较无明显差异（P〉0.05）,不同年龄段的耳鸣患者的严重程度比较有明显差异（P〈0.05）。耳鸣患者的全身疾病史和耳鸣响度无显著相关性（P〉0.05）。结论：耳鸣患者常伴有听力下降、耳闷及眩晕,其严重程度与患者年龄有关,与患者性别及全身性疾病史无关。

Objective： To summarize the clinical characteristics of tinnitus patients, including accompanying symptoms,contributing factors, severity and relations with systemic diseases. Methods： We have conducted a questionnaire of 90 patients who suffer subjective tinnitus and visit of the Otolaryngology-head and Neck Surgery of the Chang Hai Hospital from May of 2011 to June of 2014,and take a record. All the patients were interviewed by the same investigator, using the same questionnaire. Results： 60.0% of patients had accompanying symptoms, mainly of that was hearing loss and ear fullness and vertigo. 8.9% of the patients had aggravating factors,mainly was mental factors and fatigue. The severity of the different gender of tinnitus patients had no significant difference（P〈0.05）, the severity of the tinnitus patients of different ages have obvious difference（P〈0.05）. Tinnitus in patients with systemic disease history and tinnitus loudness had no significant correlation（P〉0.05）. Conclusions： Tinnitus patients often accompanied by hearing loss, nausea and dizziness, its severity is associated with patient age, gender and systemic diseases history has nothing to do with the patient.