芥川龙之介中国题材小说中的非东亚异质元素——“升华型”精神防御机制中作家创作的心理分析

Non-East Asian Elements in Ryunosuke Akutagawa's Chinese Subject Novels: Psychoanalysis of the Writer under the “Sublimation” Mental Defense Mechanism

《芥川龙之介全集》收录的所有短篇小说共148篇,其中多篇创作以中国故事为背景,又在此基础上融合了以基督教、印度教等非东亚传统文化元素的异域色彩,这些多元文化共存现象可以理解为作者在面临心灵困顿时,创作心理中所体现的"升华型"精神防御机制。结合芥川本人的重要叙述、东方主义、基督教艺术思想等理论,可以进一步将这类作品所体现的作家精神防御机制分为:"追忆"式升华、"和解"式升华,以及"化用"式升华三种。

The Complete Works ofRyunosuke Akutagawa includes a total of 148 short stories, among which many set China as backgrounds, and even integrate other exotic traditional cultures from non-East Asia on that basis, such as Christianity and Hinduism. This coexistence of multiple cultures can be seen as the expression of the author＇ s ＂sublimation＂ mental defense mechanism when facing mental hardships. Considering Akutagawa＇ s narration, theory of Orientalism and Christian artistic ide- ology etc, we can further divide the writer＇ s mental defense mechanism embodied in such works into three types： ＂remem- brance＂ sublimation, ＂reconciliation＂ sublimation, and ＂transformation＂ sublimation.