豫北地区青年缺血性脑卒中危险因素分析

Analysis of risk factors of youth ischemic stroke in Northern Henan

目的分析豫北地区青年缺血性脑卒中的危险因素,为本地青年缺血性脑卒中防治提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析长期居住于豫北地区的130例首发青年缺血性卒中患者的临床资料,并随机选取同期住院的中老年患者135例作为对照组,比较两组一般资料及相关危险因素。结果青年缺血性卒中组男性（76.15%）多于女性（23.85%）,农村患者（73.08%）多于城镇患者（26.92%）,与中老年组相比,男女比例差异具有统计学意义（χ^2=9.340,P=0.002）。青年缺血性卒中组前5位危险因素依次为高脂血症（56.15%）、高血压（55.38%）、高同型半胱氨酸血症（52.31%）、吸烟（49.23%）和饮酒（36.92%）;而中老年组分别为高同型半胱氨酸血症（61.48%）、高血压（57.78%）、高脂血症（40.00%）、吸烟（33.33%）和糖尿病（25.93%）。两组间危险因素相比,青年组高脂血症患病率、吸烟率、饮酒率明显高于中老年组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论豫北地区青年缺血性卒中在性别差异、城乡分布、危险因素方面具有一定的特点。控制与生活方式相关的危险因素,尤其是纠正吸烟、饮酒、高脂血症、高同型半胱氨酸血症对本地青年缺血性卒中的预防意义重大。

Objective To explore the risk factors of ischemic stroke in young aduhs from Northern Henan and to provide the basis for prevention and treatment. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 130 young patients of first-ever ischemic stroke in Northern Henan. And 135 middle-aged and old patients with ischemic stroke were recruited randomly as control group. Basic information and related risk factors between the two groups were analyzed. Results The study showed that there were more male patients （76. 15% ） than female patients （23. 85% ）, more villagers （73.08%） than urbanites （26. 92% ） in young ischemic stroke group. The percentage of male ischemic stroke incidence in young group was significantly higher than in middle-aged and old group（x2 = 9. 340,P = 0. 002）. In young group, risk factors of the top 5 were hyperlipidemia （ 56. 15% ）, hypertension （ 55.38% ）, hyperhomocysteinemia （ 52. 31% ）, smoking （49.23%） and alcohol drinking（36. 92% ）. In contrast,the common risk factors in the middle-aged and old group were hyperhomocysteinemia （ 61.48 % ）, hypertension （ 57. 78 % ）, hyperlipidemia （ 40.00% ）, smoking （33.33 % ）and diabetes （25.93%）. Compared risk factors between the two groups, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol drinking rates in young group were significantly higher than in middle-aged and old group （P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion Youth ischemic stroke has its traits in gender, rural-urban distribution and risk factors. Reducing the lifestyle risk factors, especially improving smoking, alcohol drinking, hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia are important to the prevention for ischemic stroke in young adults.