硫化氢:中枢神经系统的新型神经调质和保护剂

A new neuromodulator and neuroprotectant of the central nervous system: hydrogen sulfide

硫化氢(H_2S)作为一种有毒气体被人们所熟识,但目前,越来越多的证据表明H_2S亦是生物系统中的一种活性分子。H_2S在大脑有相对较高的表达,发挥着重要的生理、病理功能。它能通过影响N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体和第二信使系统[包括细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度和细胞内环磷酸腺苷(c AMP)水平等]来调节神经传导;而作为一种神经保护剂,它在病理状态下具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗凋亡的作用;并且,在一些中枢神经系统疾病中显示潜在的治疗价值,包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、缺血性卒中和创伤性脑损伤。靶蛋白的硫巯基化修饰是这些作用的一个重要机制。本文总结了目前H_2S在中枢神经系统中的研究进展,强调其作为神经调质和神经保护剂的作用。

Hydrogen sulfide （H2 S）used to be known as a toxicgas. However,in the last two decades, accumulating evidences have revealed its role as a bioactive molecule in the biological systems. H2 S has relatively high expression in the brain ,exerting multiple functions in both health and diseases. It modulates neurotransmission by influencing behaviors of N-metbyl-D-aspartic acid （NMDA） receptors and second messenger systems including intracellular Ca2 ~ concentration and intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP） levels and so forth. As a neuroprotectant, H2 S produces antioxidant and has the anti- inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects in pathological situations. H2S shows potential therapeutic value in several central nervous system（CNS） diseases including Alzheimer＇s disease, Parkinson＇s disease, ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Sulfhydration of target proteins is an important mechanism underlying these effects. This review summarized the current understanding of H2 S in the CNS,with emphasis on its role as a new neuromodulator and a neuroprotectant.