日本现代生态文学与生态批评研究现状与展望

Research Status and Outlook of Japanese Modern Ecological Literature and Ecological Criticism

在日本,生态文学又被称作"环境文学"、"自然书写"。日本自古便是亲近自然、热爱自然、讴歌自然的民族,它的生态文学,可以追溯到平安时期。经过了千年的积淀,进入现代发展阶段后日本生态文学研究迈出了全新的一步。日本学者在学习欧美生态批评理论的同时,也十分注重结合本土作品特质,试图探索出适合本国的生态批评方法。本稿对近现代日本生态文学发展轨迹进行了梳理,总结归纳了日本现代生态文学批评所取得的成果,旨在整体把握日本现代生态文学研究现状,深入探讨生态文学的社会功能及影响力,为我国的生态文学批评及生态文明社会建设提供有益的借鉴与启迪。

In Japan, ecological literature is also called environmental literature and natural writing. Since ancient times, Japanese people have been noted as nature lovers who love to go into and eulogize nature. Their nature loving complex can be traced back to Heian Period（794-1192）. After a thousand years of cultural deposition, Japanese ecological literature has made a completely new achievement. Learning from western theories of ecological criticism and emphasizing the features of native Japanese writings, Japanese scholars have developed an ecological criticism for their own. The paper has reviewed the developmental trajectory of modern and contemporary Japanese ecological literature and summed up the achievements in Japanese modern ecological literary criticism. The writers of this paper intend to make a comprehensive study on the current situation of Japanese modern ecological literature research and a thorough discuss of ecological literature＇s social functions and influences, in the hope of providing useful references and enlightenment for the ecological literary criticism and the building of an ecologically civilized society in our country.