模拟舰载机着舰反向操作对脑力负荷的影响

The effects of reverse operation in simulated carrier aircraft landing on mental workload

目的 比较受试者在完成简单模拟舰载机着舰时飞行员“反区操作”的反向目标追踪任务与正向目标追踪任务中NASA任务负荷指数（National Aeronautics and Space Administration-task load index,NASA-TLX）量表评分、绩效指标及心电指标的差异,初步探讨“反区操作”对飞行员脑力负荷的影响以及影响负荷的因素. 方法 25名男性志愿者参加正向、反向两种方向及两种难度的目标追踪任务.在任务开始前的静息期间、各项任务期间以及所有任务结束后的静息期间记录受试者心电信号,同时反馈每项任务的成绩;在每项任务之后让受试者填写NASA-TLX量表.NASA-TLX量表评分、绩效指标采用2＆#215;2两因素析因设计资料的方差分析.心电指标采用Friedman M检验,并用LSD-t检验进行两两比较. 结果 受试者反向追踪任务的NASA-TLX量表评分、平均追踪距离均高于正向追踪任务时（F=21.70、16.14,P＜0.05）,且以反向双任务时评分最高（F=6.67,P＜0.05）;受试者心率也有相应的变化（χ2 =34.87,P＜0.05）,但心率变异性相关指标无明显变化.结论 在其他因素相同的情况下,反向操作时的脑力负荷比正向操作时大;当需要处理的信息较多时,反向操作对脑力负荷的影响更大.脑力需求、生理需求和受挫程度是反向操作高脑力负荷主要影响因素.

Objective To compare the subjects＆#39; scores of National Aeronautics and Space Administration-task load index （NASA-TLX）,the indexes of ECG and performance between the reverse target tracking task and the ordinary target tracking task which simply simulate ＆quot; reverse operation＆quot; of carrier aircraft landing,and to preliminarily investigate the effect of ＆quot;reverse operation＆quot; on pilot＆#39;s mental workload and its influence factors.Methods Twenty-five young male subjects accomplished the reverse and the ordinary target tracking tasks with two degrees of difficulty.ECG signals were recorded during the resting period before the task,periods of each task and the resting period after the task.Each subjects filled in NASA-TLX scale after the completion of each task and had a score feedback for each task.The scores of NASA-TLX and the indexes of performance were analyzed by analysis of variance （ANOVA） in 2×2 factorial design.The indexes of ECG were analyzed by Friedman M test and the multiple comparisons were carried out by LSD-t test.Results The scores of NASA-TLX and the average tracking distance of the reverse target tracking task were higher than those of the ordinary target tracking task （F=21.70,16.14,P〈0.05） and the highest appeared in the reverse dual task （F=6.67,P〈0.05）.HR also had the corresponding change （χ2=34.87,P〈0.05）,but the indexes of HRV had no significant differences.Conclusions Mental workload of the reverse operation task is higher than that of the ordinary operation task if the other conditions are the same.The reverse operation impacts mental workload severer when more information processing is required.Mental demand,physical demand and frustration level are the major influence factors of causing high mental workload in reverse operations.