高效解磷兼解钾活性菌株分离筛选的初步研究

Preliminary study on isolation and screening of highly-effective strain in decomposing phosphate and potassium

将采集的常年施用磷肥和钾肥的土壤样品,经适当稀释后分别涂布于难溶无机磷和难溶无机钾的固体培养基上,分别获得24株解磷菌和15株解钾菌。将获得的解磷菌和解钾菌分别接种到含有难溶无机磷和解钾液体培养基中进行培养,通过测定发酵液中可溶性磷和可溶性钾含量,筛选出5株高效解磷菌和3株高效解钾菌,其中溶磷效果最好的菌株为P-6-1,培养7d后发酵液中可溶性磷增加量达33.07μg·mL^(-1);菌株K-1-1的解钾效果最好,发酵液中可溶性钾增加量可达0.081g·L^(-1)。为获得兼具溶磷和解钾能力的菌株,将24株解磷菌接种到解钾液体培养基中,同时将15株解钾菌接种到难溶无机磷液体培养基中,通过分别测定解磷菌的解钾能力和解钾菌的溶磷能力,成功筛选出2株兼具溶磷和解钾能力的菌株,分别为K-1-1和K-6-4。其中解钾菌K-1-1可使含磷培养基中可溶性磷增加量达6.81μg·mL^(-1)。与目前报道的解磷或解钾菌株相比,菌株K-1-1具有显著优势。

The soil samples applied with phosphate and potassium fertilizer for years,were properly diluted and smeared on solid medium containing unavailable P and K,respectively.24phosphate-solubilizing strains and 15 potassium solubilizing strains were isolated and purified,respectively.By measuring the content of soluble phosphorus and available potassiumin in liquid culture containing insoluble phosphorus and potassium feldspar powder,respectively,5highly-effective phosphate-solubilizing strains and 3strains with great ability in decomposing potassium were obtained.Among them,strain P-6-1had much ability of decomposing phosphate,the increasing amount of dissolved phosphorus were up to 33.07μg·mL-1 7days after culturing.Strain K-1-1was the most efficient decomposing potassium microorganism,the increasing amount of quick-acting potassium in the cultural solution reached 0.081g·L（-1）.Then,24phosphate-solubilizing strains were inoculated into the culture containing potassium feldspar powder.Meanwhile,15potassium-solubilizing strains were inoculated into the culture containing insoluble phosphorus.For obtaining a high effective strain for dissolving P and K,two strains（termed K-1-1and K-6-4,respectively）were selected by measuring ability of phosphoric bacteria in decomposing of potassium and ability of potassic bacteria in decomposing of phosphate.Increasing amount of dissolved phosphorus could reach 6.81μg·mL（-1） in broths 7days after culturing by strain K-1-1.The results showed that strain K-1-1showed the significant advantage comparing with reported phosphoric bacteria or potassic bacteria.