政治、宣传与文艺:冷战时期中朝同盟关系的建构

抗美援朝战争在新中国的革命历史书写和大众记忆中占有重要地位，战争中确立的中朝同盟不仅是抗美援朝运动的政治基础，还是冷战时期中国国际战略的重要基石。作家积极参与到抗美援朝运动之中，成为宣传国际主义政治理念的重要力量。以巴金、老舍、杨朔、路翎为代表，作家们在抗美援朝运动期间，以及漫长的战后岁月，创作了大量朝鲜题材文学作品，描写了母亲失去儿子、妇女经受家庭破碎、儿童失去父亲的场景。通过虚构的人物形象，文学作品成功地将中国革命语境中经典的军民鱼水情的叙事模式延伸到了异国他乡，用大众所熟悉的家庭话语诠释了国际主义政治理念，用传统的伦理道德的合理性诠释了共产主义世界革命的意识形态的合法性。中国志愿军战士以兄长、儿子、父亲的身份融入异国战地生活，完成革命话语下中国对同盟国的扶危济困与政治启蒙的光荣责任。抗美援朝文学作品中的朝鲜叙事影响深远，不仅强化了中朝两国友谊与军事同盟的战争宣传主题，还建构了冷战时期社会主义中国的世界想象（特别是“第三世界”），奠定了新中国积极投身国际共产主义革命运动的大众文化基础。

This paper studies the relationship between communist China＇s involvement in the Korean War （1950 -1953） and the production and proliferation of cultural works that made North Koreans as their subject mat- ter. Chinese writers such as Ba Jin, Lao She, Yang Shuo and Lu Ling churned out a great number of stories, fictions and non-fictions, and dramas about Chinese soldiers fighting, working, and living in North Korea. Their works characterized the war as a heroic mission on the part of brave, compassionate, and altruistic Chinese soldiers to protect North Koreans who were often represented by helpless elderly, desperate women, and traumatized children. The battlefield in North Korea allowed the nascent Chinese communist state to reclaim its paternalistic standing among its neighbors and provided a nourishing environment to train individual Chinese soldiers, most of them young adults at the time, to nurture their masculine courage, perseverance, and sense of duty. These writers formed the cultural wing of the political cam- paign to persuade the Chinese public to embrace the North Korean ＂comrades and brothers. ＂ They also brought to light abstract political concepts such as patriotism and internationalism. These works eventually fed into a massive effort to educate ordinary Chinese for their role in defending the nascent socialist state and leading the international communist movement in the Cold War.