大鼠发情周期中子宫内肥大细胞和组织胺含量变化的观察

Observation on changes of mast cells and histamine concentration in uterus of rat during estrous cycle

采用阴道涂片法鉴定大鼠所处的发情阶段,应用甲苯胺蓝染色观察肥大细胞(MC)在大鼠发情周期不同阶段子宫内的分布、形态和数量的变化规律,应用荧光分光光度计检测大鼠发情周期不同阶段子宫内组织胺(HA)的含量变化。结果显示,在大鼠发情周期中,MC在子宫内不同部位内的分布存在明显的差异,数量依次为:子宫角>子宫体>子宫颈。大鼠子宫各部位在发情周期各阶段内MC的数量依次为:发情后期(ME)>发情前期(PE)>发情间期(DE)>发情期(E),子宫角内不同生理阶段MC的数量之间差异极显著(P<0.01);子宫体、子宫颈内发情后期与发情期内MC数量差异极显著(P<0.01),发情间期与发情前期内MC数量差异不显著(P>0.05)。子宫各部位在发情周期各阶段内HA的含量依次为:发情后期(ME)>发情前期(PE)>发情间期(DE)>发情期(E),子宫角中的HA含量在发情后期明显高于其他3个时期(P<0.05),子宫体和子宫颈内HA含量在发情周期各阶段中差异均不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明,根据阴道细胞类型的变化来确定大鼠发情周期的各阶段是可行的。大鼠子宫内MC的数量及形态随发情周期阶段的变化而改变,对子宫的局部免疫具有重要的作用。发情周期子宫内HA含量的变化与MC的变化一致,MC主要通过释放HA发挥调节子宫尤其是子宫角的局部免疫水平的作用,在一定程度上,可以将子宫角组织中MC的数量作为HA含量的指标。

Estrous stage of rats were identified by the vaginal smear method, the distribution, morphology and number changes of mast cells （MC） in rat uterus at different stages of the estrous cycle were observed with toluidine blue staining method, the histamine （HA） content in rat uterus at different stages of the estrous cycle was detected by fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results showed that there were obvious differences in the distribution of MC in the different parts of uterus during estrous cycle in rats, the number of MC was uterine horn〉uterine body〉uterine cervix. The number of MC in each part of rat uterus at each stage of estrous cycle was ME〉PE〉DE〉E,there was significant difference among the number of MC at different physiological stages in uterus horn （P〈0.01）;the number of MC in uterus body and uterus cervix had a significant difference in metestrus and estrus （P〈0.01） and there was no significant difference between the number of MC in uterus body and uterus cervix in diestrus and proestrus （P〈0.05）. The HA concentration in each part of uterus at each stage of the estrous cycle was ME〉PE〉DE〉E,the HA concentration in uterine horn in metestrus was significantly higher than the other three stages （P〈0.05） ,and the HA concentration in uterine body and uterine cervix had no significant difference among each stage of the estrous cycle （P〉0.05）. The study indicated that it was feasible to determine each stage of estrous cycle in rats according to the change of vaginal cell types, the number and morphology of MC in rat uterus varied with the changes of stages of estrous cycle and this played an important role in the local immune of uterus. The changes of HA and MC in rat uterus during estrous cycle was consistent, MC regulate the local immunity levels of uterus especially uterine horn mainly through the release of HA,and to a certain extent,the number of MC in uterine horn could be the indicator of HA content.