中华金叶榆嫩枝扦插繁殖技术

Soft Cutting Propagation Technology of Ulmus pumila ‘Zhonghuajinye'

以中华金叶榆(Ulmus pumila‘Jinye’)为试材,剪取当年生枝条中上部做插穗,每个插穗保留2片叶子,用ABT 1 000 mg·L^(-1)溶液处理插穗10 s,分别扦插在河沙、珍珠岩、蛭石、草炭、V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)=1∶1、V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)=3∶1、V(珍珠岩)∶V(草炭)=1∶1、V(珍珠岩)∶V(草炭)=3∶1,8种基质上,探究不同扦插基质对插穗生根的影响;采用3因素3水平正交试验设计,即选用ABT、IBA、NAA 3种生根促进剂,每种生根促进剂设计500、1 000、1 500 mg·L^(-13)个质量浓度梯度,处理时间为10、30、60 s,扦插在V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)=1∶1的基质中,筛选金叶榆嫩枝扦插最佳生根促进剂及处理时间。结果表明:蛭石为最佳基质,插穗生根率为89.17%,平均根数为10条,平均根长为12.92 cm,最长根长为38.5 cm。正交试验结果表明:用质量浓度为500 mg·L^(-1)的IBA生根促进剂处理30 s得到的生根效果较好,生根率为82.22%,平均根长为21.12 cm,平均根数为17条。通过spss软件中的多重比较法分析推测得出,采用1 500 mg·L-1IBA生根促进剂处理插穗基部30 s,得到的金叶榆插穗生根率将会更高。

With Ulmus pumila ‘Zhonghuajinye＇,and one-year branches of the upper part as stem cuttings,each stem cutting retained two leaves. In order to test the influence of different substrates on cutting,stem cuttings were treated with ABT of1 000 mg·L^（-1）solution for 10 s and inserted into eight soil substrates including river sand,perlite,vermiculite,peat,perlite ∶ vermiculite = 1 ∶ 1,perlite ∶ vermiculite = 3 ∶ 1,perlite ∶ peat = 1 ∶ 1,and perlite ∶ peat = 3 ∶ 1（ V / V）,respectively. With the purpose of screening the best reagent concentration and the best treatment time for U. pumila‘Zhonghuajinye＇cutting,the experiment was conducted using three-factor and three-level orthogonal tests,and the stem cuttings were treated with ABT,IBA,and NAA solution which designing three concentration gradient of 500 mg·L-1,1 000 mg·L-1,and1 500 mg·L^（-1）for 10 s,30 s,60 s,and inserted into substrate of perlite ∶ vermiculite = 1 ∶ 1. The vermiculite is the best soil substrate,the rooting rate of cuttings reached 89.17%,the average number of substrate on cuttings was 10,the length was 12.92 cm,and the longest root length was 38.5 cm. By the orthogonal tests,the rooting rate of stem cuttings treated with IBA of 500 mg·L-]for 30 s reached 82.22%,the longest average root length reached 21.12 cm,and the maximum average number of substrate on cuttings was 17. Using the method of multiple comparison,the rooting rate of U. pumila‘Zhonghuajinye＇cuttings could reach highest when their cutting bases were treated with IBA of 1 500 mg·L^（-1）for 30 s.