晚实类型核桃资源脂肪酸组分含量分析

Analysis on Late Type Walnut Resources Fatty Acid Composition Content

以16个山西省地方的核桃为试材,对其坚果性状、核桃仁脂肪酸组分进行调查测定,了解不同产地晚实类型核桃资源果实坚果性状及核桃仁中脂肪酸含量的差异性,为山西省核桃油用型良种的选育和开发利用提供必要的理论依据。采用气相色谱法对其核桃仁脂肪酸组分进行测定,并使用SAS数据分析软件进行差异性、相关性分析。结果表明,各个晚实类型核桃间平均单果质量差异性显著,左权东峪核桃与汾阳早龙核桃出仁率差异性不显著,平均单果质量最高的是左权大炉核桃,达14.96 g,壳皮厚度值最大的是左权大炉核桃,为1.45 mm,果实形状与平均单果质量之间相关性显著,出仁率与壳皮厚度有极显著的负相关性;16个晚实类型核桃的核桃仁中检测出油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、其他酸等6种脂肪酸,其中,油酸和亚油酸相对总含量占到80%左右,以亚油酸相对含量最高,盂县榆林坪核桃仁中含油量最高达68%,晋龙1号最低,仅55.2%;左权苏亭核桃、左权大炉核桃与各品种间含油量具有显著性差异,左权东峪核桃亚油酸含量70.90%,左权白水核桃的油麻比(亚油酸与亚麻酸比)最高达7.5,汾阳大龙眼核桃的最低为4.2,核桃仁的含油量与棕榈酸有极显著的相关性,与油酸和亚麻酸有显著相关性;油酸含量与亚油酸呈极显著的负相关,与亚麻酸呈显著的负相关,油麻比与亚麻酸呈极显著的负相关。核桃油中油酸、亚油酸含量较高、油麻比值高,其品质好而且耐藏性相对较长,试验的16个地方优株中左权白水核桃和左权东峪核桃可以作为核桃油用型核桃的原料。

16 places walnuts in Shanxi province were used as the test materials, the paper determined and investigated on the behavior of the nut, walnut kernel fatty acid components, to understand the real late different regions type walnut optimal plant fruit nut traits and the differences of fatty acids content in walnut, walnut oil for Shanxi province to use type for selection and utilization for providing necessary theoretical basis. The paper determined walnuts fatty acids composition by the method of gas chromatography, using SAS data analysis software for differences, the correlation analysis. The results showed that the average fruit weight between each night real type walnut quality had significantly difference, Zuoquan dongyu and Fenyang zaolong kernel difference was not significant. The highest average fruit weight was Zuoquan dalu, which was 14.96 g, the maximum value of thickness shell was Zuoquan dalu, which was 1.45 mm,fruit shape had significantly correlation with the average fruit weight, kernel and shell thickness had significant negative correlation. 6kinds of fatty acids（oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and other acids）were detected from 16 late type walnut kernel. The oleic acid and linoleic acid accounted for about 80%, relative to the total content in the relative contents of linoleic acid was the highest, the oil content of Yuxian yulinping walnut kernel was 68%, Jinlong 1 was the lowest, which was only 55.2%. The oil content of Zuoquan suting and Zuoquan dalu had significant difference with different varieties, the linoleic acid content of Zuoquan dongyu was 70.90%, the oil hemp than（linoleic acid and linolenic acid ratio）of Zuoquan baishui was 7.5, Fenyang dalongyan was the lowest which was 4.2. Walnut oil content had very significant correlation with palmitic acid, had significant correlation with oleic acid and linolenic acid. Oleic acid and linoleic acid content was very significantly negative correlation, oleic acid and linolenic acid was significantly negative correlation, the oil hemp than and linolenic acid was extremely significant negative correlation. Oleic acid, linoleic acid content were the higher in walnut oil, the oil hemp ratio was high, the quality was good and the storage resistance was relatively long in 16 local walnut resources. Zuoquan baishui and Zuoquan dongyu could be used as the raw material type walnut oil with walnut.