间充质干细胞成软骨分化的表观遗传学研究

Gene regulation in chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell. A literature review

表观遗传学机制包括DNA甲基化,组蛋白修饰和microRNA,表观遗传学调控基因表达改变持久、可遗传并且不涉及DNA序列改变,各个领域中对于表观遗传学机制的研究和应用已经成为新的热点。软骨组织再生医学领域中的表观遗传学机制研究,为干细胞向软骨细胞分化以及软骨细胞终末分化提供了多种调控方式。但是,目前的研究主要是在体外常氧条件下,软骨组织工程细胞最终将应用于体内低氧环境中,低氧环境与表观遗传学机制之间相互影响将是研究者们需要关注的重点。本综述意在收集近年来干细胞成软骨分化中表观遗传学调控的研究成果以及各个研究领域中低氧环境与表观遗传学机制间的相互影响,希望能够为软骨组织工程细胞体内应用研究提供新的思路。

Epigenetic mechanism includes DNA methylation,histone modifications and microRNA,which regulate heritable and long- lasting alterations in gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. The research and application of epigenetic mechanism has become a new hot spot in all fields. It provides diversified regulative ways for chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell and the terminal differentiation of chondrocyte in regeneration medicine of cartilage tissue. However,the current studies mainly focus on normal oxygen condition in vitro. Due to the reason that chondrocytes will eventually be applied in low oxygen environment in vivo,the mutual influence between low oxygen environment and epigenetic mechanisms would definitely be the focus for the researchers to pay attention to. This review aims to collect the researches involving in the epigenetic regulation of chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell and the mutual influence between low oxygen environment and epigenetic mechanism in all fields. The purpose of this paper,hopefully,is to provide new ideas for chondrocytes in vivo application in tissue engineering.