长江经济带城市发展绿色效率研究

Green efficiency of urban development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

我国经济发展进入新常态,资源和环境约束压力不断增强。城市是现代经济增长的中心,绿色高效是我国城市转型发展的必由之路。本文构建反映城市经济增长、社会效益、资源节约、环境保护的绿色效率体系,并利用DEA作为工具来监测长江经济带108个地级及以上城市绿色效率。研究表明,长江经济带城市绿色效率整体水平不高,但是有逐步改善的趋势。将城市绿色综合效率进一步分解为规模效率和技术效率,相比规模效率,技术效率成为制约长江经济带绿色城市综合效率的主要因素。长江经济带城市要改变目前效率低下的现状关键在于提高技术效率,推进城市的创新发展,推动新技术、新产业、新业态的发展,促进产业结构的优化升级。本文对投入产出的冗余度与不足度进行了分析,并解释了低效率的根源。从资源投入的冗余度来看,土地资源>能源>劳动力>技术>资本>水资源,长江经济带资源利用率低,存在高投入、高消耗的问题,加快长江经济带中西部地区城市绿色发展,应合理配置资源要素。从期望产出不足度来看,地方财政预算内收入>社会消费品零售总额>GDP,长江经济带目前总体发展模式还是追求经济产出的最大化,而忽视了经济运行的质量与社会效益。绿色效率不高主要集中在资源的过度消耗和环境污染物过度排放方面,其中环境问题成为城市发展过程中提高绿色效率亟待解决的重点和难点问题。应共同推进生态环境的保护,改革创新环境管理体制机制,推行环境保护市场化,加强对环境的监管和治理,这关系着长江经济带城市发展绿色效率的提高与生态文明示范带的实现。

China is faced with the enhanced pressure of resource and environmental constraints, and its economic development is in the new normal. City is the core of modern economic growth, China＇ s urban area must take the transformation way of green and efficient development. This article builds green efficient index system to reflect the city economic growth, social benefits, resource conservation and environmental protection. And it uses DEA as a tool to monitor the green efficiency of 108 cities at prefecture level and above level in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Studies show that the overall level of green efficiency of urban development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is not high, but there is a gradual improvement trend. The urban green overall efficiency is further decomposed into scale efficiency and technical efficiency. Compared to scale efficiency, technical efficiency is a major factor restricting green city efficiency of Yangtze River Economic Belt, and to change the current situation of low efficiency lies in improving technical efficiency, promoting innovation development of the city, and promoting the development of new technologies, new industries, new formats to optimize and upgrade of industrial structure. The paper analyzes the redundancy and deficiency of input and output, and explains the causes of low efficiency. From pespective of the redundancy of resource input, the degree of redundancy from high to low is land resources, energy, labor, technology, capital, and water. Resource utilization is low in Yangtze River Economic Belt, with high input and high consumption. To accelerate the urban green development in midwest region of Yangtze River Economic Belt, we should reasonably allocate resource elements rather than invest lots of capital and other resource elements. The deficiency degree of desired output from high to low is local fiscal budgetary revenue, total retail sales of social consumer goods, and GDP. The general development mode of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is to pursue maximum economic output, and it ignores the quality of economic operation and social benefits. It is found that green effiency is not high mainly due to the excessive consumption of resources and environmental pollutant emissions. Environmental issues must be solved in order to improve the green efficiency. We should work together to promote the protection of ecological environment, reform innovative mechanism of environmental management system, carry out the marketization of environmental protection, and strengthen supervision and management of the environment. These measures can improve green efficiency and promote ecological civilization demonstration zone of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.