北方型美洲黑杨不同无性系重要性状评价

Evaluation of Important Traits of Different Clones of North-Typed Populus deltoides

[目的]为杨树高产低耗高效工业用材新品种选育筛选新种质。[方法]采用布雷金多性状综合评定法和模糊数学隶属函数值法,系统分析和评价北方型美洲黑杨种质生长及光、水分、养分等关键环境资源利用性状。[结果]表明:(1)种源间、种源内无性系间在生长、光合、水分和养分利用方面的差异显著或极显著。(2)总叶面积、成叶速率、暗呼吸速率、氮素转移率、生长旺期水分利用效率与北方型美洲黑杨胸径显著或极显著相关。(3)筛选出M6、Q1、Q5、M5、Q7、Q3、M3、Q9等高产型种质,M6、Q1、Q2、M5、Q5、M3、Q4、M2等高产高光效型种质,Q5、Q1、W9、M5、Q7、M6、M3、W2等高产高水分利用型种质,Q9、Q5、Q3、Q8、Q1、M10、Q7、I5高产高养分利用型种质。其中,Q5、M6、Q1、Q2、Q9等无性系兼具生长和对资源(光、水分和养分)的利用优势。[结论]北方型美洲黑杨遗传变异丰富,为优良种源和种质选择提供了依据;总叶面积、成叶速率、、暗呼吸速率、氮素转移率等5个与生长关系密切的指标可作为种质资源评价的可靠指标;筛选出的优良种质特别是综合表现最优的5个无性系是后续育种工作的有效资源。

[Objective]To select new germplasm for integrative breeding of poplar new varieties for industrial timber with high-yielding,superior quality and outstanding efficient traits.[Method]The comprehensive evaluation and subordinate function were used to analyze and evaluate comprehensively the growth,photosynthetic productivity,wa-ter use efficiency （WUE）and nutrient use efficiency （NUE）of North-typed Populus deltoides germplasm resources. [Result]（1 ）.There were significant or very significant differences in growth,photosynthetic productivity,WUE and NUE among different genotypes in the same provenance and among different provenances.（2 ）.The traits of North-typed P.deltoides were significantly or very significantly correlated to DBH growth,including total leaf area, leaf number,leaf number growth rate,internode length,respiration rate,N transfer rate,N content in leaf＆WUE in the suitable growth period.（3）.According to comprehensive evaluation,8 clones with high growth,8 with high growth and photosynthetic productivity,8 with high growth and WUE,and 8 with high growth and NUE were select-ed.Among them,5 clones were found with high growth and high environmental resources use efficiency.[Conclu-sion]The abundant variations of North-typed P.deltoides provide a basis for breeding parents in the provenances and individuals levels.The total leaf area,leaf number growth rate,respiration rate,N transfer rate,and WUE in the suitable growth period can be used as selection index.The excellent germplasm,including 5 best clones,select-ed by complex evaluation,could be applied in poplar breeding.