补充营养对白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂寄生效率和发育进程的影响

Effects of Supplementary Nutrition on Parasitism Ability and Developmental Process of a Gregarious Parasitoid,Sclerodermus pupariae( Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)

[目的]为了探明补充营养是否对白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂雌蜂的寄生效率、生殖能力和寿命有显著影响。[方法]本文通过在白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂搜寻到寄主前期为其提供寄主血淋巴和蜂蜜补充营养,调查有前期补充营养经历的肿腿蜂对寄主麻天牛的寄生率、母蜂生殖能力和子代蜂发育进程的变化。同时,给予刚羽化的肿腿蜂雌蜂短期的补充营养的过程,调查其寿命长短的变化情况。[结果]研究结果表明,寄主血淋巴和糖类物质均可以作为供肿腿蜂补充营养的潜在食物源。寄生前期取食寄主血淋巴和蜂蜜的肿腿蜂寄生率显著高于前期仅补充蒸馏水的个体。补充营养后可促使寄生蜂卵的成熟,可以使肿腿蜂更快的开始产卵进程。前期取食寄主血淋巴的肿腿蜂生殖能力显著高于寄生前期仅补充蒸馏水的个体,取食蜂蜜的肿腿蜂产卵量较前2组均无显著差异。寄生蜂母蜂是否补充营养对其子代的发育过程和性比无显著影响。此外,生存分析结果表明,刚羽化的肿腿蜂补充营养后,其寿命显著延长。取食寄主血淋巴或蜂蜜的寄生蜂寿命均约为羽化后无营养补充经历雌蜂个体的2倍。[结论]以上结果表明,白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂在寄生过程开始前期的补充营养过程可以显著的增强其对寄主害虫的控制作用和延长其寿命。取食蜂蜜或寄主血淋巴对肿腿蜂生殖和寿命的增强作用相近。建议在害虫的生物防治中,可以通过在天敌释放区周边配植一定的蜜源植物以此实现对天敌昆虫资源更有效的利用和保护。

[Objective] Todeterminewhethertheparasiticefficiency,fecundity,andlongevityofparasitoid, Sclerodermus pupariae （Hymenoptera：Bethylidae）,would be enhanced by the previous experience with feeding on supplementarynutrition.[Methods] Theeffectsofpreviousfeedingexperiencefromhosthemolymphorhoneyon host parasitization,parasitoid fecundity,and offspring lifespan of this species were investigated under laboratory conditions.[Results]The results indicated that both host insects and sugar-rich foods could be the potential food re-sources for parasitoid,S.pupariae.The parasitoids fed on host hemolymph or honey had significantly higher parasit-ism rate on the larvae of host,Thyestilla gebleri （Coleoptera：Cerambycidae）,than those only fed on distilled wa-ter.The pre-oviposition duration decreased significantly in parasitoid that with the experience of previous nutrition feeding.The parasitoids that previously fed on host hemolymph exhibited more fertile than those only fed on distilled water.Fecundity of parasitoids which fed on honey had insignificant difference compare to the others.However,the immature duration and sex ratio of parasitoids showed no significant difference among the treatments.Survival analy-sis on this species parasitoid showed that the longevity of newly emerged female parasitoid would be prolongated by the short process of nutritional supplements.The lifespan of parasitoid which fed on host hemolymph or honey were two times as long as that of the parasitoid only fed on distilled water.[Conclusions]These findings suggested that the process of nutritional supplements of parasitoid before encountering the hosts is vital.The effects of feeding on host hemolymph or honey on the enhancement of parasitoid activity and longevity are equivalent.Thus,the authors proposed that it could achieve higher efficiency for using and protecting the natural enemy resources by furnishing some flowering plants around the parasitoid release sites in pest biological control programs.