情境意识及注视转移方式对塔台管制冲突的影响

Effects of both situation awareness and gaze transition mode on conflict in tower control

为分析塔台管制中情境意识(SA)水平和注视转移方式对冲突的影响,利用模拟塔台管制软件和眼动仪构建试验平台,根据航班起降架次频率设计并实施简单和困难2组情景试验。利用三维SA评定技术(3D-SART)评价被试的SA水平,利用连接分析法分析被试在4个兴趣区域(AOI)间的注视转移方式,综合分析SA水平与注视转移方式对管制冲突的影响。结果表明,被试的SA水平和注视转移方式具有个体差异性;SA水平高的被试有更好的注意分配和决策能力,SA水平低的被试注意分配不够合理,决策占用较多注意资源;航班流量较大时,SA水平低的被试更容易疏漏重要信息,出现决策错误,甚至失去SA,造成管制冲突。

To explore effects of both SA and gaze transition mode on conflict in tower control,an experiment platform was built with a tower control simulation software and an eye tracker. Considering the frequency of take-off and landing flights, two experiments including a simple scenario and a difficult scenario were designed and carried out. The three dimensional situation awareness rating technique（3D-SART） and the connection analysis method were separately utilized to evaluate subjects＇ SA level and analyze their gaze transition modes, and synthetically utilized to explore effects of both the SA level and gaze transition mode on the conflict in tower control. The study indicates that there is an individul difference between the objects in the subjects＇ SA level and gaze transition modes, that subjects with a high SA level have a greater ability to do attention allocation and decision-making, the subjects with a low SA level have a relative poor attention allocation ability and their decision-making occpies more attention resources,and that when the flight flow is larger,the subjects with a low SA level are more likely to miss some pieces of important information and make incorrect decisions,even lose their SA and led to conflicts.