航空环境中情境意识的个体差异和任务难度差异检测:眼动测量技术的优势

Exploring the Individual and Task Difficulty Difference of Situation Awareness in Aviation Working Environment:The Advantages of Eye Tracking Method

研究包含两项实验分别探讨情境意识眼动测量技术在检验个体差异和任务难度差异中的优势。实验一采用情境意识评价技术和整体情境整体评价技术,测验新手、专家组飞行员特技飞行时的情境意识差异,实验二同样采用上述测验方法检验专家组飞行员在不同难度特技飞行时的情境意识差异,两项实验同时都监测被试的眼动过程。结果发现,(1)情境意识评价技术结果不能反映个体差异,能反映任务难度差异;(2)情境整体评价技术结果能够反映个体差异,不能反映任务难度差异;(3)经验和任务难度都影响飞行员的视觉取样策略和编码信息加工。眼动数据结果与情境整体评价技术的结果相互印证,可以确定眼动测量技术可测验情境意识,且相对于其他方法,眼动测量方法有更为广泛的差异敏感性。

With two experiments,the present study examined the sensitive advantages of eye tracking situation awareness method compared with two other measures,such as Situational Awareness Rating Technique（ SART）,Situation Global Assessment Technique（ SGAT）.The first experiment checked the individual differences,and the second checked the task difficulty differences. Results are three-folded. First,SART was not sensitive in distinguishing SA differences between experts and novices,but sensitive to task difficulty. Second,SAGAT was sensitive to individual differences,but not sensitive to task difficulty.Third,there were group differences between experts and novices in both visual sampling strategy and coding information procession,and there were also task differences in both of visual sampling strategy and coding information procession. Given that,the results from eye movement and SAGAT confirmed each other,and it is reasoned to conclude that eye movement data can track the situation awareness in the aviation working environment.Thus,the results suggest that eye movement measurement of situation awareness is sensitive both to individual and task differences.