大学生职业决策自我效能感的元分析

A Meta-Analysis of Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy of College Students

本文以近15年发表的、使用职业决策自我效能感量表作为工具的58篇文献、26501个独立样本作为研究对象,对性别、年级、生源地等因素的不同水平在职业决策自我效能感上的差异,及该指标与部分社会心理学、生涯研究变量的相关关系进行元分析。结果表明,男女生之间、大一与大二学生之间、大三与大四学生之间、农村与城镇生源之间,存在显著差异;降低焦虑感、提高自尊水平、建立良好社会支持环境,均有助于提高职业决策自我效能感水平。

This meta-analysis systematically reviewed studies related to career decision-making selfefficacy published from January 2001 to June2015. A total of 58 studies involving 26501 participants were included to analyze the standardized mean difference of career decision-making self-efficacy among the factors of gender,grade,birthplace,and the correlations of career decision-making self-efficacy and some social psychological variables and career research variables. Results indicated that male and female students have significant differences in occupation decision-making self-efficacy,especially the dimension of target-selection and problem-solving. The level of self-efficacy between freshmen and sophomores,junior and senior students also showed significant differences. Besides,rural students and urban students showed great difference in self-assessment,with rural students being relatively weak in both information-collection and planmaking. It is suggested that reducing anxiety,raising self-esteem,and improving social support environment are helpful to improve students＇ career decision-making self-efficacy.