二战后美国的在华军事选择

The Post-war America's Military Considerations and Decisions about China

二战结束初期的中国 ,在国共两党剑拔弩张的对峙中 ,美国扮演了一个众所周知的角色。这个角色企图对中国内部势力施加影响 ,企图“缔造”一个既能防范于苏联又能造福于美国的可靠“伙伴” ,因此美国对可能采纳的对华方案进行过种种考察和尝试。这其中 ,直接派兵参与国共内战、彻底解救美国在中国的困境的援蒋方案 ,美国政府对华决策者曾以极其微妙的心情多次谈及而后又多次予以否定 ;在这段历史的纷繁复杂的发展过程中 ,这一方案的提出并非空穴来风 ,对苏战略的需要、对华军事实力优势、在华特权等因素曾一度刺激了美国人的冒险心理 ,然而 ,更为强大的来自中国、苏联和美国本土的制约因素却是美国政府无论如何也无法回避的 ,最终 ,这一方案在两种相互抵触的力量的夹击下只能束之高阁 ,直到一个最佳时机的到来。

In the intense confrontation between the CPC and Kuomingtang immediately after the Second World War, America played a role that had attempted to exert a great influence over the Chinese internal force and to create a reliable partner who could both keep away the threat from the former Soviet Union and bring benefit for itself. In this respect, America had tried over and again a variety of policies and strategies. The policy of the aid to Jiang Jieshi by sending troupes to intervene in the civil war between the CPC and Kuomingtang and shake America away from its predicament in China was repeatedly touched upon and then denied by the American government. In this process, the need for the strategies against the Soviet Union, the superiority of its military strength compared with China and the privilege enjoyed in China have all at one time induce the adventurous trait of the American people. However, the enormous restraints from the more powerful China, the Soviet Union and America itself were what America could never possibly avoided. The policy, in the end, could have to remain unreleased and wait for the optimum moment.