自由的限度:再认识教育的正当性

The Limit of Freedom:Speculating on the Authoritativeness of Education

本文探讨了当下基础教育出现的一种不同于传统的理念型教育模式——"博放教育"。这不仅意味着中国社会的中上阶层与中下阶层在继承人的培养与精英的塑造策略上出现明显的分歧,也意味着教育最核心的部分发生了断裂:即教书与育人的分裂。本文先检讨了博放教育的制度逻辑——减负简单地将兴趣与努力对立,选课以差异性替代了共同性的培植,走班制提出集体之外成长;继而剖析博放教育背后的民情风尚:惟新是从切断了时问链条,平等否定了纵向的秩序,也否定了教育的权威性;最后诘问:看似摇摆于外在的严苛与内在的虚妄之间,实则严苛与虚妄内外合一,无根与无限互为因果。在此情势下,教育的正当性究竟何处安放?

This paper focuses on the Expansionary Education,which is an untraditional ideal type that emerged in contemporary China.The emergence signifies that there are two aspects of divergence.On one side,the upper and lower classes have differences of opinion on the way the elite are cultivated.On the other side,the core of the education has been divided into instruction and Buildung.The structure of this paper is as follows.Firstly,it analyzes the institutional logic of the Expansionary Education:the Burden Reduction Policy simply leads to the conflict between interest and endeavor,the Course Selection results in emphasizing diversity as replacement for cultivating commonality,and the Class-Selection System advocates individualism.Secondly,this paper discusses the mores and fantasies of people in three layers,under the context of the Expansionary Education:the absolute obedience to innovation ignores the existence of historical heritage;the equality denies neither the hierarchy nor the authority of education.In the end,this paper raises a question.Seemingly,the educational system varies from external harshness and internal arrogance.Actually,harshness and arrogance are in essence the same,as they give rise to one another.Operating under this assumption,where should the authoritativeness of education be?