论王阳明无善无恶思想的具体展开

Elaboration on Wang Yangming's Theory of“Neither Good nor Evil”

王阳明无善无恶功夫可划分为正、反、合三个层次。"正"的层次即以良知至善为基础的好善恶恶、为善去恶;"反"的层次即为避免误以私欲为本心,死守把捉、执着善恶,提出无善无恶以获得心灵的顺畅与洒脱;"合"的层次即以循理为准绳对无善无恶可能带来的消极作用进行矫正,最终以循理、致良知包容好善恶恶与无善无恶,回到理学"存天理,灭人欲"的基本主张。王阳明对这一层次的表述有无善无恶与至善、必有事焉与勿忘勿助、何思何虑与戒慎恐惧三种表达形式。当代学者皆以情感念虑的无滞自由来解释无善无恶,本文则将无善无恶所对应的气质因素拓展到知见、情感、利欲三个层面,并分述这三者与良知的关系。

Wang Yangming＇s theory of ＂neither good nor evil＂can be divided into three levels： the positive, the negative and the combination. The positive level is appreciating good and hating evil based on the extreme good of conscience; the negative level proposes ＂neither good nor evil＂in order to achieve the free mind and avoid mistaking the human desires for the conscience. The combination is to correct the negative effects of the ＂neither good nor evi＂, and ultimately embrace the positive and negative levels based on heaven laws and conscience, returning to the basic assertion of＂cherish heaven laws, deny human desires＂. There are three expressions for this level. The contemporary scholars tend to consider ＂neither good nor evil＂as the freedom of emotion, while this paper expounds it from three angles, which are perception, emotion and acquisitiveness; besides, it explains their relationships with the conscience.