缙云山蕨类植物叶片凋落物分解过程中中小型土壤节肢动物群落动态

Dynamics on Soil Meso-Microarthropods Community during the Decomposition of Ferns Leaf Litters in Subtropical Fforests of Jinyun Mountain

土壤动物与凋落物分解关系密切,但目前鲜有关于林下植被凋落物分解与土壤节肢动物关系的研究.以亚热带森林林下广泛分布的3种蕨类植物的羽片为实验材料,采用凋落袋法研究了重庆缙云山3种森林类型中蕨类植物凋落物分解过程中中小型土壤节肢动物的群落动态.结果表明:1试验共收集到中小型土壤节肢动物共11 092只,其中蜱螨目、弹尾目为优势类群.2蕨类植物凋落叶分解过程中,中小型土壤节肢动物群落组成在前期变化不大,随着综合目、蜘蛛目等其他类群逐渐进入,凋落叶分解中后期,群落组成变化较为明显.3伴随着凋落叶分解,凋落袋中中小型土壤节肢动物个体数量不断变化,在分解前期下降迅速,后期则较为缓慢;类群数随凋落物分解呈"W"型,类群数最大出现在5月和7月;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数则随凋落叶分解显著增加.4凋落叶分解过程中,各林型之间土壤节肢动物群落类群组成、个体数量、类群数、多样性指数的变化趋势呈现一致的规律.研究表明:蕨类植物凋落叶分解过程影响中小型土壤节肢动物群落结构.随着凋落物分解,中小型土壤节肢动物群落组成逐渐变化;中小型土壤节肢动物个体数量逐渐降低;不同类群土壤动物逐渐进入;群落多样性逐渐增加.

Litter decomposition plays a critical role in influencing the carbon cycling of forest ecosystems,and soil fauna are considered to be a significant factor in the acceleration litter decomposition and nutrient transformations.As yet,little information has been available on the interaction between arthropod and fern litter decomposition.The meso-microarthropods community and its fluctuation during leaf litter decomposition of 3kinds of ferns（Woodardia japonica,Dicranopteris dichotoma,Hicriopteris chinense）were investigated with litterbag method in three contrasting vegetation types（coniferous forest,coniferous and evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest,evergreen broad-leaved forest）in Jinyun Mountain,Chongqing.The results showed that：1 Meso-microarthropods were collected and separated from the litter bags by Tullgren methods.11 092 specimens,which belong to 20 orders,were found in the three contrasting vegetation types through 6samplings from 30 October,2013 to 1November,2014.Acarina and Collembola were the dominant groups,accounting for 96.55 % of the total.2 The change of the soil meso-microarthropods community is not obvious in the early stage of litter decomposition,however,with the Synphyla,Araneae,and other groups gradually into the litter bags,the soil meso-microarthropods community composition changed significantly in the mid-to-late stage of decomposition.3 With the litter decomposition,the number of soil meso-microarthropods fell rapidly at the early stage and slowly in the later.The dynamics of group of soil meso-microarthropods exterted a ＂W＂shape,and the maximum peak of the groups quantity was observed in May and July.In addition,the biodiversity index increased significantly with the litter decomposition.4In the process of the litter decomposition,change of the soil meso-microarthropods community groups,individual number,number of groups,and biodiversity index is consistent in three different forest types.The results showed that the decomposition of litter have an affect on soil meso-microarthropods community structure.With the litter decomposition,the community composition changed gradually,small and medium-sized soil arthropods to gradually reduce the number,different groups of soil meso-microarthropods into gradually,biodiversity gradually increase.