中国草原问题及其治理

Grassland Problems and Grassland Governance in China

围绕草地资源的公共物品属性,探讨了具有开放获取属性的草地资源可能产生的"租值耗散"问题。中国草原牧区推行家庭承包以后,以家庭为单位的草场承包经营模式引发了新一轮的草原植被退化和新的草原治理困境——"围栏陷阱",这不仅产生了新的制度成本,同时也产生了新的生态外部性问题,这些现象说明,快速变化的外部环境以及使用者的不确定特征等使得不能将解决草地资源的"租值耗散"问题简单化。研究结果认为,中国草原治理应该是在完善草原家庭承包制和确保牧民草场收益权排他性的基础上,由牧民自己选择灵活的"组合方式",以社区为载体来经营草场,政府应该提倡和鼓励以联户经营为主要形式的社区共同治理模式。

Focused on the public goods properties of the grassland resources,the “rent dissipation”problem in grassland resources with open access property was discussed. After the grassland areas introdu-cing “The Family Contract System”in China,the grassland contracting business model uniting in the fam-ily has triggered a new round of grassland degradation and new governance dilemma-“fence traps”,which not only created a new system cost,but also produced new ecological external problems. These phenome-na were explained：because of rapidly changing external environment and uncertain characteristics of a us-er,it could not be simplified to solve the grassland resources “rent dissipation”problem. It was thought that in China grassland governance should base on perfecting Grassland Family Contract System and ensu-ring exclusive right of herders’pasture earnings,then herders chose a flexible “combination”and the com-munity as carrier to operate pasture. The government should promote and encourage the community co-governance model in the joint household management as the main form.