帕金森病组织和体液中α-突触核蛋白检测进展

Progress of α-synuclein in the Tissues and Body Fluid of Parkinson's Disease Patients

帕金森病(PD)是一种中枢神经系统退行性疾病,其流行度及产生的社会经济负担仅次于阿尔茨海默病(AD)。PD以静止性震颤、肌强直、运动迟缓和姿势平衡障碍等为主要临床表现;病理特征为路易小体(LB),即黑质致密部的多巴胺能神经元大量变性丢失、残存的神经元胞质内出现的嗜酸性包涵体。PD诊断主要依据长期临床观察及对左旋多巴治疗是否敏感,但容易漏诊和误诊。PD确定诊断只能依据死亡后的尸检病理结果,尚无特异敏感的生化指标可作为确诊的依据。研究人员就PD生物学标志物进行了不同形式、不同规模的研究,以期探寻一种理想的PD生物学标志物,望其兼具灵敏度高、特异性强、微创甚至无创、可重复等特点,为PD早期诊断、与其他疾病鉴别、掌控疾病进程、评估疗效提供确切依据。当前PD的生物化学标志物研究涉及临床前期症状、生物化学、影像学及基因学多个方面,近年来对于α-突触核蛋白的研究相对深入。

Parkinson＇s disease（PD） is an neurodegenerative disorder that ranks only second behind Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） in prevalence and its consequent social and economic burden.The hallmark symptoms of PD includes resting tremors,rigidity and postural disabilities.PD neuropathology is characterized pathologically by the degeneration and loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence of Lewy pathology.Currently,the diagnosis of PD usually is based on long term clinical observation and response to levodopa treatment,which can be easily missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.Actually,an autopsy is considered necessary for disease confirmation.No specific or sensitive diagnostic biomarker of PD is available.Over the years,researchers have undertaken experiments of various forms and patterns on PD biomarkers,in order to explore an ideal PD biomarker with high sensitivity,strong specificity,minimally invasion and repeatablity,providing evidence for the early diagnosis,differentiating from other diseases,controlling the processes and evaluating the efficacy.The biomarkers of PD can be preclinical symptoms,biochemical,imaging or genetic markers,the research on α-synuclein is relatively deep in recent years.