金花茶种子萌发与快速繁殖技术研究

Seed germination and rapid propagation of Camellia nitidissima

【目的】研究防城港金花茶种子萌发及组培快繁技术,初步建立金花茶组织培养体系,为金花茶的组培快繁利用提供参考。【方法】以金花茶种子为外植体进行组织培养试验,设置3个不同种子的发育程度处理、17个不同培养基的激素浓度处理,测定不同处理对金花茶种子萌发率、增殖系数、株高、叶片数等的影响,筛选出适宜金花茶组培苗生长的萌发、继代和壮苗培养基。【结果】选用胚乳直径大于1.0 cm的金花茶种子接种于MS+GA31.0 mg/L培养基中,萌发率可达82.4%;金花茶组培苗增殖系数随6-BA浓度增加呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,当6-BA浓度为3.0 mg/L时增殖系数最大,达3.79;适宜金花茶壮苗生长的培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L,其平均株高、叶片数、茎粗等均优于其他处理;在黄泥∶泥炭=1∶1组合处理下金花茶组培苗移栽生根率最高,达61%,成活率也较高,为90%。【结论】广西防城港金花茶适宜的种子萌发培养基为MS+GA31.0 mg/L、继代增殖培养以MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L效果较好、壮苗培养基以MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L较适宜、黄泥∶泥炭=1∶1作为金花茶组培苗移栽基质最适宜。

【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to investigate seed germination and rapid propagation technologies of Camellia nitidissima from Fangchenggang,Guangxi, and establish its tissue culture system, in order to provide a basis for tissue culture and rapid propagation of C. nitidissima. 【Method 】The tissue culture experiment was conducted with C. nitidissima seeds at 3 development degrees as explants and 17 kinds of culture media with different hormone concentrations. Then the effects of these treatments on seed germination rate, multiplication coefficient, plant height and leaf number were investigated, so as to screen optimal medium for multiplication and strengthening seedling culture.【Result】The results showed that, the selected seeds with endosperm diameter of greater than 1.0 cm were inoculated into culture medium of MS＋GA31.0 mg/L, and the germination rate was up to 82.4%. The multiplication coefficient first rose and then declined with increase of 6-BA concentration, when 6-BA was at 3.0 mg/L, the multiplication coefficient was up to 3.79. Moreover, the optimal culture medium for strengthening seedlings was MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.05 mg/L in this culture medium, the average plant height, average leaf number and average plant height were better than those in other kinds of culture media. When yellow mud/peat ratio in culture substrate for transplantation was 1∶1, the rooting rate of tissue-cultured seedling after transplanting were the highest（61%）, and the survive rate was up to 90 %. 【Conclusion 】The optimal culture medium for seed germination of Camellia nitidissima from Fangchenggang, Guangxi is MS ＋GA31.0mg/L, and the optimal culture medium for multiplication is MS＋6-BA 3.0 mg/L, the optimal culture medium for strengthening seedlings is MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.05 mg/L, the yellow mud/peat ratio of 1 ∶1 is optimum in culture substrate for transplantation.