两种鸡蛋花对北方温室的适应性比较

Comparison on adaptability of two cultivars of Plumeria rubra L. cv. Acutifolia to northern greenhouse

【目的】比较两种鸡蛋花对河北省廊坊市温室的适应性,为在我国北方推广栽培鸡蛋花提供参考依据。【方法】以从我国南方引种的红、白两种鸡蛋花为试材,观察其在河北省廊坊市日光温室的物候期、生长习性、开花特性及抗逆性,分析其对北方温室的适应性。【结果】鸡蛋花在廊坊市温室内可正常生长发育,但对温室内环境条件的适应能力一般,主要表现为营养生长缓慢,其中红、白花品种的最大株高年生长量及冠径年生长量仅为0.23和0.28 m;新梢数量少,最多的仅1.83个;新梢长度最大为23.28 cm,新稍粗度最大为25.61 mm;开花延迟,花期缩短,开花数量减少。红花品种的冠径年生长量、新梢数量和新梢粗度显著(P<0.05,下同)或极显著(P<0.01,下同)高于白花品种,而白花品种的株高年生长量和新梢长度显著或极显著高于红花品种;红花品种花期较长,花大色艳、品质佳,抗寒性优于白花品种。【结论】鸡蛋花在廊坊市温室中可正常生长发育,红花品种花期长,花朵品质好,抗寒性强,更适合在我国北方温室中栽培。

【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to compare adaptability to greenhouse of Plumeria rubra L. cv. Acutifolia in Langfang, Hebei, in order to provide theoretical basis for promoting cultivation of P. rubra in the north China. 【Method】Two cultivars of P. rubra L. were used as test materials, which were introduced from the south China,having red and white flowers, respectively, and planted in sunlight greenhouse in Langfang city. During growth period,the phenophase, growth habit, flowering characteristics and resistance were observed, and its adaptability to greenhouse in the north China were analyzed. 【Result】P. rubra L. could grow normally in greenhouse of Langfang city, but its adaptability to greenhouse environmental conditions was just at middle level, showing mainly slow vegetative growth. As for two cultivars the maximum annual increment of plant height was 0.23 m, and the crown diameter increment was 0.28 m. The shoots were less in number, only 1.83 at most, and the maximums of length and diameter were 23.28 cm and 25.61 mm,respectively. Furthermore, other changes were also found, such as late blooming, shorter flowering time, decline of flower number. The red-flower cultivar was significantly greater or extremely significantly greater in crown diameter growth, shoot number and roughness than white-flower cultivar（P0.05 or P0.01, the same below）, while the white-flower cultivar was significantly greater or extremely significantly greater in annual increment of plant height and shoot length than red-flower cultivar. In addition, the red-flower cultivar was longer in the flowering time, with bigger and more colorful flowers, and better in flower quality and cold resistance than white-flower cultivar. 【Conclusion 】P. rubra L. can grow normally in greenhouse of Langfang city. The red-flower cultivar is more suitable for planting in greenhouse in the north China, due to its longer flowering time, bigger and more colorful flowers, better flower quality and greater cold resistance.